专家小组支持美国环境保护局对二的评价

由美国环境保护局(EPA)科学顾问委员会(SAB)聘请的一个由局外科学家组成的专家小组在2000年11月初支持EPA关于二的评价报告,称该长篇报告"总体上讲是一份非常好的报告和对二问题的综合描述."但专家小组组长纽约大学的环境科学家Morton Lippman敦促EPA"澄清"一些结论,特别是关于癌症危险的结论.专家小组的支持让EPA松了一口气,因为1994年的评价报告初稿受到类似专家小组的尖锐批评,认为其忽视了科学不确定性.2000年的再度评价仍然认为二会引起一系列健康问题如发育迟缓、免疫力影响、子宫内膜移位和致癌.17名来自学术界、工业界和咨询公司的科学家还对部分内容提出批评,例如有些成员提及EPA假设二的影响是线性的并且没有阈值;辛辛那提大学教授Roy Alberts则称该报告关于致癌的陈述"太片面".关键问题是应采取何种步骤减少食品供应中的二 ,美国国家科学院的一个委员会将考虑这一问题. 江年摘自《Science》, November 10,1071(2000)     

国家重点环境管理化学物质名单及其控制方式研究

为配合《中华人民共和国化学物质污染防治法》的起草 ,进行该项目的研究。该研究的目标是调查研究联合国环境规划以及欧盟、美国、日本等国家禁止或严格限制的化学物质名单、选择基准以及国内需要重点环境管理化学物质的名单 ;研究建立我国重点环境管理化学物质危害评价指标和选定基准 ;推荐提出国家需重点环境管理化学物质名单 (方案 )及其风险控制方式建议。在充分调研国内外重点化学物质管理和筛选方法并收集了翔实化学品基础数据的基础上 ,参照国际上普遍采用的化学品危害程度分级基准 ,采用对候选化学物质的健康和环境危害评定评分排序…     

One-step preparation of a novel graphitic biochar/Cu0/Fe3O4 composite using CO2-ambiance pyrolysis to activate peroxydisulfate for dye degradation

Herein,a one-step co-pyrolysis protocol was adopted for the first time to prepare a novel pyrogenic carbon-Cu⁰/Fe₃O₄ heteroatoms (FCBC) in CO₂ ambiance to discern the roles of each component in PDS activation.During co-pyrolysis,CO₂ catalyzed formation of reducing gases by biomass which facilitated reductive transformation of Fe³⁺ and Cu²⁺ to Cu⁰ and Fe₃O₄,respectively.According to the a...     

华锡集团河池冶金化工厂从废渣中回收金属

日前 ,华锡集团河池冶金化工厂成功地从转前渣 (铅锑综合渣 )中回收金属铜和铋 ,解决了困扰该厂多年的铅锑综合产品杂质含量高的技术难题。河冶厂现已建成了一座年产铅锑综合产量1 50 0 0吨的冶炼工艺流程。过去由于生产技术落后 ,对含有大量金属铜 (品位 3 %～ 5% )和铋 (品位 3 %～ 4% )的转前渣无法进行回收。今年 ,河冶厂成立了新产品开发办 ,抽出精干的技术人员进行科技攻关 ,使铜、铋开路 (分别回收 )试验获得成功 ,降低了铅锑产品中铜铋的金属含量 ,提高了产品质量。铜铋炉窑投产后 ,年铜产品产量达到 3 0吨 ,铋 1 2吨 ,直接创造经济…     

欧洲联盟可持续发展战略

欧洲委员会-EC-设立的环境和可持续发展欧洲咨询论坛的一份报告说,要填补可持续发展和欧洲联盟-EU-间的差距,关键是在EU内建立一个联合可持续理事会.欧洲委员会建立该论坛是为了就发展政策提供意见和为欧洲社会不同部分间起桥梁作用.德国Wuppertal研究所高级研究人员、报告的作者之一Philipp Schepelmann说,当1997年把可持续发展概念引入EU法律并定为EU的一项总目标时,农业、工业、能源、运输和金融等政府部门就计划在其政策中纳入可持续发展的战略,表明可考虑环境问题并定出时间和指标.Schepelmann说,各部门现已认识到除非改变政策,…     

指导环保事业发展的纲领性文件

在"十一五"即将起步之时,在全面建设小康社会的关键时期,国务院发布了<关于落实科学发展观加强环境保护的决定>(以下简称<决定>),这是深入贯彻十六届五中全会精神,落实科学发展观,构建社会主义和谐社会,指导我国经济、社会与环境协调发展的一份纲领性文件.深入学习贯彻<决定>,对于广泛调动全社会力量,加快推进环保事业发展,实现全面建设小康社会的宏伟目标将产生巨大的推动作用.     

基于乡村产业空间重构的土地整治研究

为适应乡村转型发展新阶段的形势,立足乡村产业空间结构,系统论述了与之相匹配的土地整治模式对乡村农业、工业和服务业三大产业子空间的重构。逻辑路径是以特色产业为基础,在整治理念上遵循产业融合,在整治目标、重点、技术和运作模式上与乡村产业空间结构和功能相匹配。基于乡村产业空间重构的土地整治实践表明,该土地整治模式有利于村域产业结构的合理调整和产业链的延伸,最终形成以农业景观核心区、旅游景点核心区和居住空间核心区为主的生态景观格局和休闲旅游服务体系。在乡村转型背景下,从人—地—业系统确立产业空间重构的土地整治模式,是激活乡村内生发展动力的重要途径。     

石英砂滤料表面润湿改性

采用硅烷偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂和铝酸酯偶联剂对石英砂进行表面改性,以制备亲油疏水性滤料。研究得出,钛酸酯偶联剂改性石英砂的最佳工艺条件为:偶联剂用量15%,反应温度90℃,搅拌时间15 min;硅烷偶联剂和铝酸酯偶联剂改性石英砂的最佳工艺条件均为:偶联剂用量15%,反应温度110℃,搅拌时间15 min。水对钛酸酯偶联剂改性石英砂滤料的润湿重量由改性前的1.5589 g降低到0.0282 g,水对硅烷偶联剂改性石英砂滤料的润湿重量降低到0.0607 g,水对铝酸酯改性石英砂滤料的润湿重量降低到0.2664 g。静态吸附实验表明,硅烷偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂和铝酸酯偶联剂改性石英砂滤料对油的吸附容量分别增加了33.67%、42.87%和22.30%。XPS和FT-IR分析表明,偶联剂均以化学键的方式包覆在石英砂滤料表面,结合稳定。     

Contribution of precursor compounds to the release of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from waste water treatment plants (WWTPs)

Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs) are ubiquitous in sludge and water from waste water treatment plants, as a result of their incorporation in everyday products and industrial processes. In this study, we measured several classes of persistent PFASs,precursors, transformation intermediates, and newly identified PFASs in influent and effluent sewage water and sludge from three municipal waste water treatment plants in Sweden, sampled in 2015. For sludge, samples from 2012 and 2014 were analyzed as well.Levels of precursors in sludge exceeded those of perfluoroalkyl acids and sulfonic acids(PFCAs and PFSAs), in 2015 the sum of polyfluoroalkyl phosphoric acid esters(PAPs) were 15–20 ng/g dry weight, the sum of fluorotelomer sulfonic acids(FTSAs) was 0.8–1.3 ng/g,and the sum of perfluorooctane sulfonamides and ethanols ranged from non-detected to 3.2 ng/g. Persistent PFSAs and PFCAs were detected at 1.9–3.9 ng/g and 2.4–7.3 ng/g dry weight, respectively. The influence of precursor compounds was further demonstrated by an observed substantial increase for a majority of the persistent PFCAs and PFSAs in water after waste water treatment. Perfluorohexanoic acid(PFHxA), perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid(PFHxS), and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid(PFOS)had a net mass increase in all WWTPs, with mean values of 83%, 28%, 37% and 58%,respectively. The load of precursors and intermediates in influent water and sludge combined with net mass increase support the hypothesis that degradation of precursor compounds is a significant contributor to PFAS contamination in the environment.     

Transport and fate of mercury under different hydrologic regimes in polluted stream in mining area

Seepage from Hg mine wastes and calcines contains high concentrations of mercury (Hg). Hg pollution is a major environmental problem in areas with abandoned mercury mines and retorting units. This study evaluates factors, especially the hydrological and sedimentary variables, governing temporal and spatial variation in levels and state of mercury in streams impacted by Hg contaminated runo . Samples were taken during di erent flow regimes in theWanshan Hg mining area in Guizhou Province, China. In its headwaters the sampled streams/rivers pass by several mine wastes and calcines with high concentration of Hg. Seepage causes serious Hg contamination to the downstream area. Concentrations of Hg in water samples showed significant seasonal variations. Periods of higher flow showed high concentrations of total Hg (THg) in water due to more particles being re-suspended and transported. The concentrations of major anions (e.g., Cl??, F??, NO3?? and SO4 2??) were lower during higher flow due to dilution. Due to both sedimentation of particles and dilution from tributaries the concentration of THg decreased from 2100 ng/L to background levels (< 50 ng/L) within 10 km distance downstream. Sedimentation is the main reason for the fast decrease of the concentration, it accounts for 69% and 60% for higher flow and lower flow regimes respectively in the upper part of the stream. Speciation calculation of the dissolved Hg fraction (DHg) (using Visual MINTEQ) showed that Hg(OH)2 associated with dissolved organic matter is the main form of Hg in dissolved phase in surface waters in Wanshan (over 95%).