焦化废水中酚降解菌及其降解基因的研究

酚类化合物是焦化废水的主要污染物,微生物降解在废水处理中起着主要作用.为获得焦化废水活性污泥中主要降解菌,本研究通过富集与平板涂布对某焦化公司的2个活性污泥中的降解菌进行了分离鉴定.通过BOX-PCR和16S rDNA序列分析去除重复菌株后,共获得分属于20个属的28个种的28株细菌,它们主要为变形菌纲β和γ亚群,其中4株菌可能是潜在的新种.间甲酚富集后筛选得到2株高效降解菌株Pseudomonas monteilii GCS-AE-J-1 和Pseudomonas plecoglossicida GCS-AN-J-3;前者在48 h内对791 mg/L间甲酚的降解率达到94.6%,而后者对763mg/L间甲酚的降解率也达到了92.2%.通过PCR从菌株GCS-AE-14、 GCS-AE-J-1、GCS-AN-J-3和GCS-AN-3得到了苯酚羟化酶基因序列.本研究所获得的降解菌新颖多样,在工业焦化废水的处理中可能起着重要作用,有进一步研究开发的价值.     

青岛大气气溶胶中氨基化合物的分布特征

氨基化合物是大气气溶胶和雨水中常被检出的一类有机氮化合物,由于其可作为生物生长直接的氮源,因此可能对海洋生态系统产生直接作用.利用2008年1～12月在青岛采集的66个总悬浮颗粒物样品,采用邻苯二甲醛/N-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸柱前衍生高效液相色谱法,分析了其中溶解态(DAC)和颗粒态氨基化合物(PAC)的浓度.气溶胶中DAC浓度为2.4～40.9nmol·m-3,在春季最高,夏季次之,秋季、冬季最低.PAC浓度为0.7～76.1nmol·m-3,呈现春季冬季秋季夏季的变化趋势.不同季节氨基化合物的组成不同.依据气团的后向轨迹,气溶胶样品可分为受北方陆源、南方陆源和海洋源影响,DAC和PAC在受南方陆源影响的气溶胶中浓度最高,北方陆源次之,海洋源气溶胶中最低.不同来源的气溶胶中氨基化合物的组成不同,蛋白质类氨基化合物对总氨基化合物的贡献在海洋源气溶胶中最高,在南方源气溶胶中最低.     

Interspecific competition effects on phosphorus accumulation by Hydrilla verticillata and Vallisneria natans

The competition between submersed plants has been recognized as an important factor influencing the structure of plant communities in shallow lakes. The ability of different species to take up and store nutrients from the surrounding ambience varies, and hence plant community structure might be expected to affect the cycling of nutrients in lake ecosystems. In this study, the uptake of phosphorus by Hydrilla verticillata and Vallisneria natans was studied and compared in monoculture and competitive mixed-culture plantings. Results showed that for both studied species the phosphorus concentrations of different tissues and of whole plants was unaffected by competition. However, the quantity of phosphorus accumulated by whole plants of H. verticillata was significantly higher in mixture culture than in monoculture, while that of V. natans was lower in the mixed culture. The results indicated that H. verticillata has a competitive advantage over V. natans, when the two species are grown in competition, and is able to accumulate a greater quantity of phosphorus.     

Application of magnetic particles modified with amino groups to adsorb copper ions in aqueous solution

A magnetic adsorbent can be easily recovered from treated water by magnetic force,without requiring further downstream treatment.In this research,amine-functionalized silica magnetite has been synthesized using N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]-ethylenediamine(TPED) as a surface modification agent.The synthesized magnetic amine adsorbents were used to adsorb copper ions in an aqueous solution in a batch system,and the maximum adsorption was found to occur at pH 5.5 ± 0.1.The adsorption equilibrium data fitted t...     

Removal of phosphate by Fe-coordinated amino-functionalized 3D mesoporous silicates hybrid materials

Phosphate removal from aqueous waste streams is an important approach to control the eutrophication downstream bodies of water. A Fe(III) coordinated amino-functionalized silicate adsorbent for phosphate adsorption was synthesized by a post-grafting and metal cation incorporation process. The surface structure of the adsorbent was characterized by X-ray di raction, N2 adsoropion/desoprotion technique, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The experimental results showed that the adsorption equilibrium data were well fitted to the Langmuir equation. The maximum adsorption capacity of the modified silicate material was 51.8 mg/g. The kinetic data from the adsorption of phosphate were fitted to pseudo second-order model. The phosphate adsorption was highly pH dependent and the relatively high removal of phosphate fell within the pH range 3.0–6.0. The coexistence of other anions in solutions has an adverse e ect on phosphate adsorption; a decrease in adsorption capacity followed the order of exogenous anions: F?? > SO2?? 4 > NO??3 > Cl??. In addition, the adsorbed phosphate could be desorbed by NaOH solutions. This silicate adsorbent with a large adsorption capacity and relatively high selectivity could be utilized for the removal of phosphate from aqueous waste streams or in aquatic environment.     

间甲酚对斑马鱼胚胎的影响

采用静态实验方法,研究了不同浓度的间甲酚(m-cresol)对斑马鱼胚胎的急性毒性.结果表明,当m-cresol浓度超过一定数值时,伴随着时间的延长可使暴露胚胎的畸形数增加,暴露胚胎孵化出的仔鱼也出现畸形现象,mcresol的毒性呈现出剂量-效应关系.当m-cresol质量浓度不小于13 mg/L时,暴露12 h的胚胎开始出现畸形;质量浓度为25 mg/L时,暴露24 h的胚胎全部畸形.m-cresol对胚胎24 h眼点发育及20 s主动活动、48 h黑色素和72 h各类畸形的EC50分别为33.609,8.882和5.652 mg/L.可见,一定浓度的m-cresol可对斑马鱼胚胎及其孵化仔鱼产生毒性作用.     

低碳经济引领世界经济发展方向

2007年气候变化问题明显升温.各行各业的人们都对气候变化问题给予了极大关注.政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)的科学证据表明,全球应对气候变化挑战的行动已刻不容缓.作为发展中的温室气体排放大国,中国在国际气候制度构建过程中面临着巨大的幽际城市力.     

帕乔里

拉金德拉·帕乔里(Radendra K Pachauri)现任联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)度席.1940年8月出生于印度北阿肯德邦(Nainital).     

联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会

联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,IPCC)是世界气象组织(WMO)及联合国环境规划署(UNEP)于1988年联合国建立的政府间机构.     

碳市场历史分析与前景展望

碳市场的渊源 根据政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）的评估报告,各国普遍认同必须“将大气中温室气体浓度稳定在不对气候系统造成危害的水平”的目标。于是世界上第一个为全面控制二氧化碳等温室气体（GHG）排放,以应对全球气候变暖给人类经济和社会带来不利影响的国际公约——《联合国气候变化框架公约》（UNFCCC,以下简称“公约”）在1992年的联合国环境发展大会上获得通过,