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101.
Hunt J Anderson B Phillips B Tjeerdema R Largay B Beretti M Bern A 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(2):348-358
Evidence of ecological impacts from pesticide runoff has prompted installation of vegetated treatment systems (VTS) along the central coast of California, USA. During five surveys of two on-farm VTS ponds, 88% of inlet and outlet water samples were toxic to Ceriodaphnia dubia. Toxicity identification evaluations (TIEs) indicated water toxicity was caused by diazinon at VTS-1, and chlorpyrifos at VTS-2. Diazinon levels in VTS-1 were variable, but high pulse inflow concentrations were reduced through dilution. At VTS-2, chlorpyrifos concentrations averaged 52% lower at the VTS outlet than at the inlet. Water concentrations of most other pesticides averaged 20-90% lower at VTS outlets. All VTS sediment samples were toxic to amphipods (Hyalella azteca). Sediment TIEs indicated toxicity was caused by cypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin at VTS-1, and chlorpyrifos and permethrin at VTS-2. As with water, sediment concentrations were lower at VTS outlets, indicating substantial reductions in farm runoff pesticide concentrations. 相似文献
102.
Susan Power Bratton Raymond C. Mathews Jr. Peter S. White 《Environmental management》1980,4(5):433-448
Agricultural management in Cades Cove, an historic district in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, has affected natural resources both within the district and in the adjoining natural areas. Aquatic impacts of haying and cattle grazing included increases in water temperatures, turbidity, nutrient loading, and bacterial counts and decreases in benthic macroinvertebrate density and fish biomass. Wildlife populations, including groundhogs, wild turkeys, and white-tailed deer, have increased in the open fields and around the periphery of the historic district. Intensive deer foraging has removed deciduous seedlings and saplings from woodlots, lowering species diversity and favoring coniferous reproduction. Cades Cove has limestone habitats unique in the park, and both deer browse and cattle grazing may have disturbed populations of rare plant species. Effects on water quality are detectable at a campground 15 stream km from the agricultural area, and the effects of deer foraging extend about 1 km beyond the open fields.Since historic landscape preservation is presently a goal of the park, managing for open vistas in Cades Cove will require some sort of continuing disturbance. Conversion of cattle pastures to hayfields would reduce aquatic impacts but the deer herd might increase as a result of reduced competition for forage. Retarding old field succession would increase populations of native plant species dependent on sunlight, but would require government-funded mowing. Other options are discussed. Completely eliminating the effects of the historic district on adjoining areas may be impossible, at least under present economic constraints. 相似文献
103.
污水处理厂的污泥农用问题 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
污水处理过程产出大量污泥。将这类污泥用作农业有机肥料是一个很有前景的实践。但这种利用却因为污泥中含有多种重金属和病源体而受到很大限制。文章概述了有关污泥中重金属及病源体的研究状况。 相似文献
104.
Arsenic contamination of soils and agricultural plants through irrigation water in Nepal 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dahal BM Fuerhacker M Mentler A Karki KB Shrestha RR Blum WE 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,155(1):157-163
This study monitored the influence of arsenic-contaminated irrigation water on alkaline soils and arsenic uptake in agricultural plants at field level. The arsenic concentrations in irrigation water ranges from <0.005 to 1.014 mg L(-1) where the arsenic concentrations in the soils were measured from 6.1 to 16.7 mg As kg(-1). The arsenic content in different parts of plants are found in the order of roots>shoots>leaves>edible parts. The mean arsenic content of edible plant material (dry weight) were found in the order of onion leaves (0.55 mg As kg(-1))>onion bulb (0.45 mg As kg(-1))>cauliflower (0.33 mg As kg(-1))>rice (0.18 mg As kg(-1))>brinjal (0.09 mg As kg(-1))>potato (<0.01 mg As kg(-1)). 相似文献
105.
Nonpoint-Source Agricultural Hazard Index: A Case Study of the Province of Cremona, Italy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper reports the results of a study aimed at the evaluation of the hazard level of farming activities in the province
of Cremona, Italy, with particular reference to groundwater. The applied methodology employs a parametric approach based on
the definition of potential hazard indexes (nonpoint-source agricultural hazard indexes, NPSAHI). Two categories of parameters
were considered: the hazard factors (HF), which represent all farming activities that cause or might cause an impact on groundwater
(use of fertilizers and pesticides, application of livestock and poultry manure, food industry wastewater, and urban sludge),
and the control factors (CF), which adapt the hazard factor to the characteristics of the site (geographical location, slope,
agronomic practices, and type of irrigation). The hazard index (HI) can be calculated multiplying the hazard factors by the
control factors and, finally, the NPSAHI are obtained dividing HI into classes on a percentile basis using a scale ranging
from 1 to 10. Organization, processing, and display of all data layers were performed using the geographical information system
(GIS) ArcView and its Spatial Analyst extension. Results show that the potential hazard of groundwater pollution by farming
activities in the province of Cremona falls mainly in the fifth class (very low hazard). 相似文献
106.
干旱河谷地区农业产业结构的调整对环境及经济的影响分析--以汉源地区为例 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
中国农业产业结构的调整,是中国改革开放、市场化发展的集中体现。本文以汉源地区为例,总结分析了典型的干旱河谷地带农业产业结构的调整情况,不仅促进了当地农村发展方式的根本转变、改善了农村经济、提高了农民收入,同时还解决了当地剩余劳动力的就地消化问题。本文指出了农业产业结构的调整可能对当地生态环境造成的影响,其中诸如不舍理用药用肥造成的水污染、土壤和农产品的硝酸盐污染以及土壤退化、大气污染等环境问题。需要在实践中更加审慎地调整农业产业结构。 相似文献
107.
H. Manjari Jayathilake Graham W. Prescott L. Roman Carrasco Madhu Rao William S. Symes 《Ambio》2021,50(1):215
Analysing the drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in conservation landscapes can provide crucial information for conservation management. While rates of forest loss can be measured through remote sensing, on the ground information is needed to confirm the commodities and actors behind deforestation. We administered a questionnaire to Wildlife Conservation Society’s landscape managers to assess the deforestation drivers in 28 tropical conservation landscapes. Commercial and subsistence agriculture were the main drivers of deforestation, followed by settlement expansion and infrastructure development. Rice, rubber, cassava and maize were the crops most frequently cited as drivers of deforestation in these emblematic conservation landscapes. Landscape managers expected deforestation trends to continue at similar or greater magnitude in the future, calling for urgent measures to mitigate these trends.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01325-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
108.
Alisa Salimova Jian e Zuo Fenglin Liu Yajiao Wang Sike Wang Konstantin Verichev 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(3):48
109.
A modified Hartmann dust explosion tube was employed to determine the Minimum Explosible Concentration (MEC) and the flame speed for three Pakistani agricultural wastes: bagasse, rice husk and wheat straw. Agricultural biomass had a higher ash content than for woody biomass and this influenced the MEC. The dispersion, ignition and MEC were influenced by the particle size distribution, as also demonstrated by high speed video. There was a strong linear correlation between the MEC and the sum of the ash and moisture content of these and other biomasses, indicating that this inert mass in the particles acted to reduce the flame temperature and reduce the lean flammability limit or MEC. Comparison of the results was made with non-agricultural waste pulverized biomass. Peak flame speeds were approximately 2.5 m/s. The lean limits for these pulverised agricultural waste biomasses were comparable to that of pulverised wood but were much leaner than those for coal and hydrocarbon fuels, which indicate that these biomasses are highly reactive. 相似文献
110.