油气田开发与炼化企业硫化氢危害分析与预防

分析了油田开发和炼油化工生产过程中H2S的分布区域、特点及危害.通过对66起H2S中毒事故的分析,指出在设备及管线的吹扫、堵漏、拆卸、安装作业过程中较易发生H2S中毒事故;事故主要是由于违章及误操作以及对H2S的毒害认识不够、安全意识差引起的.从管理措施、技术支持、人员培训、应急救援等方面提出了预防H2S中毒的措施.     

洗车废水混凝剂的选择

实验采用混凝工艺对洗车水进行预处理,选用4种无机混凝剂和1种有机混凝剂进行对比试验研究,通过实验结果分析确定了最佳药剂及其最佳投药量。     

Fulvic acid removal by nanoparticle TiO2 using a submerged membrane photocatalysis reactor

The degradation of fulvic acid（FA） by nanoparticle TiO2 in a submerged membrane photocatalysis（SMPC） reactor was studied. In this reactor, photocatalytic oxidation and membrane separation co-occured. The continuous air supplier provided O2 for the photocatalytical reaction and mixed the solution through an airflow controller. The particle TiO2 could automatically settle due to gravity without particle agglomeration so it could be easily separated by microfiltration（MF） membrane. It was efficient to maintain high flux of membranes. The effects of operational parameters on the photocatalytic oxidation rate of FA were investigated. Results indicated that photocatalyst at 0.5 g/L and airflow at 0.06 m^3/h were the optimum condition for the removal of fulvic acid, the removal efficiency was higher in acid media than that in alkaline media. The effects of different filtration duration on permeate flux rate of MF with P25 powder and with nanoparticle TiO2 were compared. Experimental results indicated that the permeate flux rate of MF was improved and the membrane fouling phenomenon was reduced with the addition of nanoparticle TiO2 catalyst compared with conventional P25 powder. Therefore, this submerged membrane photocatalysis reactor can faciliate potential application of photocatalytic oxidation process in drinking water treatment.     

Fe~(3+)掺杂TiO_2薄膜的制备及光催化降解甲醛的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备Fe3+掺杂的TiO2薄膜光催化剂,进行甲醛的光催化实验,考察Fe3+掺杂量、薄膜焙烧温度及溶胶体系pH值对光催化性能的影响。结果表明,Fe3+掺杂量为1.0%,焙烧温度500℃1h,加硝酸溶胶体系pH=4时,Fe3+掺杂TiO2薄膜光催化活性最高。     

DBD降解CF2ClBr过程中自由基与电子能量

利用介质阻挡放电方法对环境污染物CF2ClBr进行了等离子体降解的研究.在前人对该体系的降解产物分析及活性粒子推测的基础上,采用动态反应装置得到了等离子体的发射光谱,进一步确证了等离子体系中出现的CF2、CFCl、F、Cl、Br等主要自由基,并从中推出了等离子态气体可能发生的自由基反应.同时通过发射光谱的分析,近似得到该体系的平均电子能量约为2.42eV.     

产酸脱硫反应器中COD/SO_4~(2-)比制约的群落生态演替规律

通过产酸脱硫反应器的动态试验和配套的静态试验 ,考察致变因子COD/SO2 - 4比制约的乙酸型顶极群落的结构、优势种群的组成和生态演替的规律 ;阐明乙酸型代谢和乙酸型顶极群落是产酸脱硫生态系统的典型特征 ;揭示乙酸型顶极群落内平衡与反馈调节的生理代谢机制 ,并以因变因子 pH值、氧化还原电位和碱度来表征生态演替过程中优势种群的三维实现生态位     

滇东主要断裂带温泉CO_2成因浅析

通过对滇东主要断裂带上典型温泉的地质背景、环境条件、水化学及碳、氦稳定同位素分析,探讨这些温泉CO2释放的一般规律。分析表明滇东主要断裂带温泉具有特殊的碳来源,其CO2释放与沿小江断裂混杂第三纪煤层(褐煤)有关。     

掺杂改性纳米二氧化钛粒子光催化降解甲苯的研究

通过共沉淀法制备了掺铁纳米TiO2粒子，并用掺铁后的纳米TiO2粒子作为催化剂，对气相甲苯进行光催化降解实验。利用色谱、质谱、红外等测试方法研究了掺铁浓度对TiO2光催化性能的影响，同时探讨了光催化降解甲苯的机理。     

UV/TiO_2膜深度处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

研究了以固定相TiO2为催化剂光催化降解垃圾渗滤液中有机污染物的可行性。试验了制备TiO2膜的适宜条件以及光照时间等各种因素对COD的去除率和UV335脱色率的影响。研究表明,COD为418mg/L的垃圾渗滤液经400W高压汞灯光照30min,COD的去除率和UV335脱色率分别为44.3%和75.0%。光照时间60min时,COD的去除率和UV335脱色率可提高至54%和90%。光照30min后与活性炭柱联用,COD的去除率和UV335脱色率分别提高到68.3%和84.6%。     

Utilization of Bagasse Energy in Thailand

Bagasse, a biomass fuel, is the waste generated by the sugar-making process from sugar cane. Sugar making is one of the most important agricultural-produce processing industries for developing countries in Southeast Asia, Latin America and Africa. As sugar producing plants need electric power and process steam, co-generation using bagasse as an alternate fuel for petroleum has been in use for some time. Thailand recently became one of the largest sugar exporters by enlarging plant capacities and improving equipment, thus reducing its production cost. In addition, the Thai government promotes power generation using bagasse as a means to combat global warming by raising the purchase price of the surplus power. The industry is in the process of further raising the plant capacity, and improving the power-generating efficiency. This will enable a plant to generate more electric power than its in-plant need so that the surplus power can be sold to the commercial grid. It also plans to become a local power supplier during off-season of sugar making by adding a condensing turbine generator. A typical Thai sugar plant of the latest design generates steam of 4Mpa at the bagasse boiler outlet with the temperature of 400°C at 84% boiler efficiency. With the bagasse LHV of 7,540 kJ/kg and that of fuel oil 41, 840 kJ/kg, and taking 90%as oil-burning boiler efficiency, 5.95 kg of bagasse would replace 1 kg of oil. The Kyoto Mechanism defines CO₂ generation by fuel oil as 2.65 kg per liter. Using 0.85for the specific gravity of fuel oil, the amount of CO₂ generation will be 3.12 kg-CO₂/kg. Therefore, CO₂reduction per ton of bagasse in terms of fuel oil will be: 3.12/5.95 =0.524 kg-CO₂/kg-bagasse. As 1 kg of bagasse generates 2 kg of steam, the CO₂reduction of a 100t/h steam boiler will be112,660 ton/year for an annual operation of4,300 hours, as follows. 0.524 × 100/2 = 26.2 t-CO₂/h, 26.2 × 4,300 =112,660 t-CO₂/year. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.