溴、碘离子吸附研究进展

吸附法是从盐湖卤水等溴、碘含量较低的溶液中直接分离溴、碘离子的适用方法,也是去除饮用水中过高含量的溴和碘,以及去除水中放射性碘离子的有效方法.本文简要介绍了溴、碘的用途、制备方法及吸附分离溴、碘离子的实际意义,系统评述了单质银、银复合、氧化银复合、氯化银复合、有机胺复合、层状双氢氧化物等吸附剂对溶液中溴或碘离子的吸附.研究省去氧化步骤,直接从溶液中吸附回收溴、碘离子的工艺路线,对环保及溴、碘的开发利用具有重要意义.     

离子强度对吸附影响机理的研究进展

本文介绍了水溶液中离子或分子的水合、吸附剂表面的双电层模型以及内层与外层表面络合物,在此基础上讨论了离子强度对吸附的影响.一般来说,溶液的离子强度增大时,吸附质与吸附剂之间的静电作用减弱,疏水作用增强,络合作用变化不大.电解质离子能通过与吸附质离子产生离子交换竞争、对吸附质产生盐析或盐溶效应、改变溶液中大分子吸附质分子的大小、与吸附质离子形成离子对等方式影响吸附。     

Removal of fluoride from water using titanium-based adsorbents

Three adsorbents including TiO₂, Ti-Ce, and Ti-La hybrid oxides were prepared to remove fluoride from aqueous solution. The Ti-Ce and Ti-La hybrid adsorbents obtained by the hydrolysis-precipitation method had much higher sorption capacity for fluoride than the TiO₂ adsorbent prepared through hydrolysis. Rare earth (Ce and La) oxides and TiO₂ exhibited a synergistic effect in the hybrid adsorbents for fluoride sorption. The sorption equilibrium of fluoride on the three adsorbents was achieved within 4 h, and the pseudo-second-order model described the sorption kinetics well. The sorption isotherms fitted the Langmuir model well, and the adsorption capacities of fluoride on the Ti-Ce and Ti-La adsorbents were about 9.6 and 15.1 mg·g^-1, respectively, at the equilibrium fluoride concentration of 1.0 mg·L^-1, much higher than the 1.7 mg·g^-1 on the TiO₂. The sorption capacities of fluoride on the three adsorbents decreased significantly when the solution pH increased from 3 to 9.5. The electrostatic interaction played an important role in fluoride removal by the three adsorbents, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis indicated that the hydroxyl groups on the adsorbent surface were involved in fluoride adsorption.     

Settling characteristics of nursery pig manure and nutrient estimation by the hydrometer method

The hydrometer method to measure manure specific gravity and subsequently relate it to manure nutrient contents was examined in this study. It was found that this method might be improved in estimation accuracy if only manure from a single growth stage of pigs was used (e.g., nursery pig manure used here). The total solids (TS) content of the test manure was well correlated with the total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations in the manure, with highly significant correlation coefficients of 0.9944 and 0.9873, respectively. Also observed were good linear correlations between the TN and TP contents and the manure specific gravity (correlation coefficients: 0.9836 and 0.9843, respectively). These correlations were much better than those reported by past researchers, in which lumped data for pigs at different growing stages were used. It may therefore be inferred that developing different linear equations for pigs at different ages should improve the accuracy in manure nutrient estimation using a hydrometer. Also, the error of using the hydrometer method to estimate manure TN and TP was found to increase, from +/- 10% to +/- 50%, with the decrease in TN (from 700 ppm to 100 ppm) and TP (from 130 ppm to 30 ppm) concentrations in the manure. The estimation errors for TN and TP may be larger than 50% if the total solids content is below 0.5%. In addition, the rapid settling of solids has long been considered characteristic of swine manure; however, in this study, the solids settling property appeared to be quite poor for nursery pig manure in that no conspicuous settling occurred after the manure was left statically for 5 hours. This information has not been reported elsewhere in the literature and may need further research to verify.     

梅岭、梅关、古道与梅花

梅岭，又名大瘐岭，为南岭山系五岭之首。梅关是粤赣交界的险关要塞，素有“岭南第一关”之誉，秦汉以前已存在。梅岭以梅花著称。古道与关同时出现，到唐初张九龄扩展岭路成坦途。     

川滇黔接壤地区总体发展战略研究

川滇黔接壤地区资源丰富，战略地位突出，综合开发潜力巨大，应遵循“立足资源，突出重点，对外开放，有偿开发，综合优化，协调发展”的战略指导思想，着眼于资源开发与产业发展的结构有序化、开发时空布局有序化和战略实施步骤的时间有序化，加快全国的能源和原材料基地建设的步伐，发挥该区对大西南开发的核心枢纽作用，使之成为长江产业带的重要组成部分。     

利用狭形小桩藻净化猪场养殖污水的研究

在实验室条件下利用狭形小桩藻(Characium angustum)SHOU-F87开展为期23 d的猪场养殖污水净化试验.结果表明:狭形小桩藻在高压灭菌及有效氯消毒的养殖污水中均生长良好.高压灭菌养殖污水中氮磷的去除率随着狭形小桩藻接种密度的增加而升高,在200×104,400×104和600×104cells·mL-1的接种密度下,污水的总氮去除率分别为41.68%,55.54%和64.32%;氨态氮去除率分别为96.88%,96.74%和96.83%;硝态氮去除率分别为3.98%,32.86%和49.13%;总磷去除率分别为90.60%,95.88%和94.69%.在接种密度为600×104cells·mL-1时,与在高压灭菌污水中相比,狭形小桩藻在有效氯消毒污水中具有更高的总氮和硝态氮去除率(p0.05);氨态氮和总磷的去除率无显著差异(p0.05).利用猪场养殖污水培养的狭形小桩藻蛋白含量为30.94%-33.67%,且含有丰富的亚麻酸(18∶3n-3)和n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(n-3PUFA).狭形小桩藻具备净化猪场养殖污水同时生产出单细胞蛋白源及水产动物饲料添加剂的潜在开发价值.     

无氧作业及其安全措施探讨

以煤化工为例,根据H₂、CO等可燃气爆炸相图,对无氧作业理论依据、控制条件和安全措施进行探讨。     

Occurrence of human pathogenic bacteria carrying antibiotic resistance genes revealed by metagenomic approach: A case study from an aquatic environment

Antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs), human pathogenic bacteria(HPB), and HPB carrying ARGs are public issues that pose a high risk to aquatic environments and public health. Their diversity and abundance in water, intestine, and sediments of shrimp culture pond were investigated using metagenomic approach. A total of 19 classes of ARGs, 52 HPB species, and 7 species of HPB carrying ARGs were found. Additionally, 157, 104, and 86 subtypes of ARGs were detected in shrimp intestine, pond water, and sediment samples, respectively. In all the samples, multidrug resistance genes were the highest abundant class of ARGs. The dominant HPB was Enterococcus faecalis in shrimp intestine, Vibrio parahaemolyticus in sediments, and Mycobacterium yongonense in water, respectively. Moreover, E. faecalis(contig Intestine_364647)and Enterococcus faecium(contig Intestine_80272) carrying efr A, efr B and ANT(6)-Ia were found in shrimp intestine, Desulfosaricina cetonica(contig Sediment_825143) and Escherichia coli(contig Sediment_188430) carrying mex B and APH(3′)-IIa were found in sediments, and Laribacter hongkongensis(contig Water_478168 and Water_369477), Shigella sonnei(contig Water_880246),and Acinetobacter baumannii(contig Water_525520) carrying sul1, sul2, ere A, qac H, OXA-21, and mph D were found in pond water. Mobile genetic elements(MGEs) analysis indicated that horizontal gene transfer(HGT) of integrons, insertion sequences, and plasmids existed in shrimp intestine, sediment, and water samples, and the abundance of integrons was higher than that of other two MGEs. The results suggested that HPB carrying ARGs potentially existed in aquatic environments, and that these contributed to the environment and public health risk evaluation.     

A review of Yemen’s current energy situation,challenges, strategies,and prospects for using renewable energy systems

Environmental Science and Pollution Research -