颗粒污泥接种UASB反应器处理木糖醇废水试验研究

采用颗粒污泥接种UASB厌氧反应器处理木糖醇生产废水,对废水进行预调配后,由电控柜控制间歇进水.试验结果表明在进水COD为3～5g/L,COD容积负荷在2.70～4.64 kg/(m3·d)的范围时,有机污染物的去除率可稳定地保持在76%～88%,对厌氧出水再进行普通活性污泥法好氧后处理,出水COD可达到100 ms/L以下,稳定地达到国家要求的废水一级排放标准.     

电-Fenton法预处理青霉素废水的降解规律研究

研究电-Fenton法预处理青霉素钠(penicillin G sodium,PGN)模拟废水的降解规律,分析预处理过程中PGN浓度、COD、TOC的变化情况及BOD5/COD改善情况.当T=20℃、pH=3时,投加0.5g/L FeSO4、0.2 mL/L H2O2,于0.3 A电流下降解浓度为100 mg/L的PGN废水,120 min后PGN去除97.9%,COD去除76.7%,TOC去除59.8%,BOD5/COD由0升至0.4,有效提高了废水的可生化性.以红外光谱(infrared spectrogram,IR)和液相色谱-质谱联用(Liquid chromatogramMass chromatogram,LC-MS)检测青霉素钠的降解产物,说明青霉素钠抑菌的关键结构b-内酰胺环被破坏,抗菌性消失,有助于生物处理有效去除.     

光催化-臭氧氧化降解H酸的研究

采用光催化-臭氧氧化技术(催化膜/UV/O3)降解H酸.研究结果表明,光催化与臭氧氧化相结合具有明显的协同作用.实验进一步讨论了臭氧投加量、废水初始pH值和H酸初始浓度对光催化-臭氧氧化降解H酸的影响.降解后的H酸,萘环结构被破坏,可生化性提高.     

染料降解菌的脱色特性、降解酶系及基因定位研究进展

本文分析了当前染料废水微生物降解优势菌的降解效果及降解机制等，介绍了三种染料降解酶的催化机理和影响因素，阐明了某些降解菌中的质粒可以控制不同结构染料的脱色。最终指出了提高菌株应用价值的两种途径：一是筛选或构建出具有多功能性的超级菌；二是在不改变染料性质的前提下，向其分子结构中引入特定取代基团，以提高其生物降解性。     

Physical-chemical and ecotoxicological evaluation of water based drilling fluids used in Italian off-shore

In order to evaluate the effects on the marine ecosystem caused by an eventual discharge into sea of water based drilling fluids, as current legislation allows, chemical and ecotoxicological analyses were performed on the most common drilling muds and products used in Italian off-shore activities. The chemical analysis on drilling fluids involved the leaching test and the measurement of total content of heavy metals, whereas biodegradation tests were performed on the products used in mud's formulations. As for ecotoxicological evaluation, two marine organisms, the crustacean Artemia salina and the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, were selected to determine the LC₅₀ and the EC₅₀ respectively.     

青藏高原多年冻土区典型植被下河流溶解性有机碳的生物可利用性

选取青藏高原多年冻土区12条河流样品进行分析,结合流域内植被类型、流量大小、多年冻土面积与河流溶解性有机碳(DOC)的质量浓度、化学组成、生物可利用性之间的关系及分解动力学进行讨论.结果表明,分别在高寒草甸(AM)、高寒沼泽草甸-高寒草甸(ASM-AM)、高寒草甸-高寒草原(AM-AS)、高寒草甸-高寒草原-裸地(AM-AS-BL)为主的流域内,河流DOC的质量浓度依次为(5.17±0.21)、(5.02±0.50)、(3.55±0.25)和(2.79±0.41)mg·L-1,DOC的生物可降解性程度(BDOC)依次为(23.54±2.62)%、(23.66±3.31)%、(18.17±5.26)%和(11.72±15.56)%;相应地,流域内植被覆盖度越小,河流DOC的芳香性程度越大,DOC的可生物降解性和降解速率随着降低,并且BDOC在培养的过程中的反应遵循一级反应动力学原理;此外,连续多年冻土区河流的BDOC大于非连续多年冻土区的河流BDOC,大河的BDOC小于源头小河的BDOC.研究表明,流域内植被类型是影响多年冻土区河流BDOC的主要影响因素,同时,流量大小和多年冻土对BDOC也有一定的影响.     

含五氯酚废水的生物降解性和微生物毒性试验

模拟中温厌氧消化反应设备条件,以葡萄糖为共基质,测定了五氯酚的产甲烷毒性及其废水的厌氧可生物降解性．测定条件：ＣＯＤ１１００～１２００ｍ ｇ／Ｌ,ｐＨ７．２～７．４,ＣＯＤ∶ＴＶＳＳ为０．８ 左右,接种污泥未驯化,其产甲烷活性ＣＨ₄／ＶＳＳ为２４０ｍ ｌ／ｇ．试验结果表明,五氯酚是一种对产甲烷活性抑制性较强的物质,当投加浓度小于５ｍ ｇ／Ｌ时产生中度抑制,大于１０ｍ ｇ／Ｌ产生重度抑制,抑制程度与投加浓度大小呈正相关;产甲烷活性被抑制５０％ 的五氯酚浓度约为６ｍ ｇ／Ｌ．五氯酚对产酸阶段抑制程度很小,含不同浓度的五氯酚废水ＣＯＤ转化率稳定在７０％ 左右,但ＣＯＤ不能完全矿化,导致以丙酸、乙酸为主的有机酸积累,无丁酸积累．五氯酚去除率可达７０％ ～８０％ ．用反应终点的甲烷转化率、酸化率、残余挥发酸百分率等特性参数能较好地表征反应体系产酸菌与产甲烷菌的活性及其被抑制情况     

污泥性质的重要影响物质—胞外聚合物(EPS)

介绍了胞外聚合物的产生和组成(多聚糖,蛋白质,少量DNA,脂和腐质酸等);胞外聚合物在污泥处理系统中对污泥的絮凝性能、沉降性能、脱水性能及重金属吸附性能的影响;以及胞外聚合物本身的生物降解性。胞外聚合物在废水生物处理中发挥着重要作用。     

竹丝填充床对高有机负荷及低C/N水质的脱氮特性

利用竹丝填料作为生物载体而组建的接触氧化工艺对高浓度难降解水质和低C/N水质的脱氮特性进行了研究.结果表明,当进水COD为804～5100mg/L,BOD为45.0～1100mg/L,BOD/COD为0.01～0.46的情况下,TN去除率为26.6%～96.95%,出水BOD/COD为0.07～0.75;当COD为98～251mg/L,TN为28.0～105.1mg/L,COD/TN为1.6～4.6时,TN去除率为4.94%～48.8%,说明竹丝填料接触氧化工艺在高浓度难降解水质和低C/N比水质条件下具有很好的脱氮效果,但竹子囊腔内的竹汁会使系统脱氮效果波动;对反应器内的主要菌群的分布特征研究发现,在处理高浓度难降解水质过程中,进、出口处细菌浓度相当;而在处理低C/N水质过程中,细菌、硝化细菌主要分布在反应器的进口处,反硝化细菌沿程均匀分布.     

Treatment of oilfieid produced water by anaerobic process coupled with micro-electrolysis

Treatment of oilfield produced water was investigated using an anaerobic process coupled with micro-electrolysis (ME), focusing on changes in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biodegradability. Results showed that COD exhibited an abnormal change in the single anaerobic system in which it increased within the first 168 hr, but then decreased to 222 mg/L after 360 hr. The biological oxygen demand (five-day) (BOD5)/COD ratio of the water increased from 0.05 to 0.15. Hydrocarbons in the wastewater, such as pectin, degraded to small molecules during the hydrolytic acidification process. Comparatively, the effect of ME was also investigated. The COD underwent a slight decrease and the BOD5/COD ratio of the water improved from 0.05 to 0.17 after ME. Removal of COD was 38.3% under the idealized ME conditions (pH 6.0), using iron and active carbon (80 and 40 g/L, respectively). Coupling the anaerobic process with ME accelerated the COD removal ratio (average removal was 53.3%). Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to analyze organic species conversion. This integrated system appeared to be a useful option for the treatment of water produced in oil fields.