中国城市垃圾典型可行焚烧技术的综合评价

中国城市垃圾处理的主要方式正在由卫生填埋向垃圾焚烧转变. 基于中国城市垃圾焚烧处置需求特征分析,建立了技术评价指标体系,采用层次分析法,从技术的可靠性、经济性和适用性三方面,对国内外现有4种主要城市垃圾焚烧技术进行了综合评价. 结果表明:流化床技术和层燃技术在技术成熟度、技术能力和二NFDA1英污染控制等方面相对可靠,适用于我国多数大城市的垃圾焚烧处置. 国产流化床焚烧技术更加适应当前国内垃圾分类水平较差的大部分城市;层状焚烧技术则比较适用于城市垃圾管理水平高、垃圾分类较好、热值较高、垃圾处置集中度高和规模较大的城市;旋转焚烧和热解焚烧技术则较适用于垃圾成分复杂、尺寸不均匀的小城镇、工业园区垃圾处置或医疗废物处置,但二者均需加强二NFDA1英排放控制.      

我国生活垃圾焚烧二恶英污染现状及减排建议

生活垃圾焚烧的二恶英污染问题在我国已经引起全社会的广泛关注。在分析我国生活垃圾焚烧行业现状与发展趋势和我国部分焚烧厂二恶英排放情况的基础上,提出了我国生活垃圾焚烧二恶英污染防治和减排的建议。     

MESIP∗: Modelling environmental scenarios in ponds

MESIP is a fugacity model which can predict the fate of organic hydrophobic chemicals in aquatic ecosystems. In this paper a short introduction to the mathematical model is presented together with a more detailed listing of the required input data. Comparison of the calculated and measured fate of a fluorescent whitening compound in an artificial outdoor pond is shown     

危险废弃物焚烧处置预处理及烟气净化工艺设计

危险废弃物因其对人类健康、生态环境的严重危害性和破坏性而需特殊处置。以某市危险废弃物焚烧处置工程为例,通过对其预处理系统及烟气净化系统的组成、工程原理、工艺流程等的分析论证,探讨一种危险废物焚烧处置预处理系统及烟气净化系统工艺设计的工程原理和性能特点,为今后在工程实际中的运用提供参考。     

垃圾焚烧烟气中二恶英零排放技术的实践

介绍了绍兴新民热电有限公司煤和垃圾混烧循环流化床技术处理城市生活垃圾,焚烧烟气经活性炭吸附、半干法和布袋除尘器净化工艺处理后,烟气中二恶英接近零排放。     

医疗固体废物集中处置的探索

采用组合式焚烧炉处置系统对杭州市医疗固体废物进行集中处置探索,结果表明,组合式焚烧炉处置系统二次燃烧室焚烧温度为1 000～1 100 ℃,烟气滞留时间2 s以上,各种污染物排放经检测均达到国家标准,并且运行成本低,操作简便,安全可靠.      

城市垃圾焚烧飞灰特性及水泥固化试验研究

试验分析了重庆市某城市垃圾焚烧发电厂飞灰的化学成分,研究了原飞灰的浸出毒性,考察了水泥对原飞灰和酸洗预处理飞灰中重金属的固化效果. 结果表明:飞灰中重金属Pb和Zn的浸出质量浓度均超过《危险废物浸出毒性鉴别标准》(GB5085.3-2007),因而被认为是危险废物,必须对之进行稳定化处理;酸洗预处理飞灰固化试块的抗压强度得到了一定程度的提高,其重金属Pb和Zn的浸出毒性均较相同配比、相同养护时间的原飞灰固化试块有明显降低;酸洗预处理飞灰固化试块抗压强度随掺入飞灰比例的降低和养护时间的延长而加大,在养护28 d时其抗压强度最高,达4.25 MPa;酸洗预处理飞灰固化试块在养护28 d时,其重金属Pb和Zn的浸出质量浓度分别比原飞灰所制固化试块降低了10.6%～59.0%和7.4%～73.7%.      

Influence of SO2 in incineration flue gas on the sequestration of CO2 by municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash

The influence of CO2 content and presence of SO2 on the sequestration of CO2 by municipal solid waste incinerator(MSWI) fly ash was studied by investigating the carbonation reaction of MSWI fly ash with different combinations of simulated flue gas.The reaction between fly ash and 100% CO2 was relatively fast;the uptake of CO2 reached 87g CO2/kg ash,and the sequestered CO2 could be entirely released at high temperatures.When CO2 content was reduced to 12%,the reaction rate decreased;the uptake fell to 41g CO2/kg ash,and 70.7% of the sequestered CO2 could be released.With 12% CO2 in the presence of SO2,the reaction rate significantly decreased;the uptake was just 17g CO2/kg ash,and only 52.9% of the sequestered CO2 could be released.SO2 in the simulated gas restricted the ability of fly ash to sequester CO2 because it blocked the pores of the ash.     

Incineration of kitchen waste with high nitrogen in vortexing fluidized-bed incinerator and its NO emission characteristics

Some municipal solid waste (MSW) can be used as the fuel. Combustion of MSW with high nitrogen content is successfully conducted in a lab-scale vortexing fluidized-bed incinerator (VFBI). Pigskin with 16.5 wt.% nitrogen content was used to simulate the high nitrogen content kitchen waste, and silica sand was used as the bed material. The effects of operating conditions, such as the bed temperature, freeboard temperature, excess oxygen ratio, and static bed height on the CO and NO concentrations at the exit of combustor and cyclone were investigated. The experimental results show that the freeboard temperature is the most important factor for CO emission. The order of operating conditions impact on the NO emission is: (1) excess oxygen ratio; (2) bed temperature; (3) freeboard temperature; and (4) static bed height. Utilizing cyclone can significantly reduce the CO emission concentration when the CO concentration released from the freeboard is higher than 50 ppm. On the other hand, the cyclone has no significant effect on the NO emission. Despite having high nitrogen content, a low conversion from fuel-N to NO was attained. Compared with other types of combustors, VFBI reduces the CO and NO emission concentrations much better when burning MSW with high nitrogen content.     

城市废弃物处理温室气体排放研究:以厦门市为例

城市废弃物处理是城市人为活动产生温室气体的来源之一.参考IPCC国家温室气体清单指南2006推荐的方法建立了厦门市废弃物处理的温室气体排放计算模型,对厦门市2005～2010年废弃物处理的温室气体排放情况进行了估算,包括固体废弃物填埋、焚烧以及污水处理等过程.结果表明,2005年温室气体总排放量折合二氧化碳当量(CO2e)为406.3 kt,2010年温室气体总排放量(以CO2e计)达到704.6 kt,随着废水处理工艺的提高和城市生活垃圾量的迅速增长,主要排放源由废水处理转变为固体废弃物填埋.2005年填埋产生的温室气体排放占固体废弃物处理排放量的90%左右,2010年所占比例下降到75%.厦门市废水处理温室气体排放量2007年最高,以CO2e计达到325.5 kt,化学原料及化学品制造业从2005～2010年一直是厦门市CH4排放量最高的产业,占工业废水处理CH4排放总量的55%以上.