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101.
纳米Ag粒子原位杂化PVDF超滤膜的抗污染性能 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
以AgNO3为前驱体,聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)为聚合物基体,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散剂和成孔剂,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为还原剂和溶剂,利用相转化法制备了纳米Ag粒子原位杂化PVDF超滤膜.采用扫描电镜、透射电镜、原子力显微镜及接触角测定仪对杂化膜的结构和性能进行了表征.结果表明:原位形成的纳米Ag粒子均匀地分散在聚合物基体中,纳米Ag粒子的添加改善了PVDF膜的亲水性能.以腐殖酸和牛血清蛋白作为污染物的代表,考察了Ag/PVDF膜的抗有机污染性能.以大肠杆菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌及活性污泥作为微生物的代表,考察了杂化膜的抗生物污染性能.结果证实了与纯PVDF膜相比,Ag/PVDF膜通量衰减较慢,可有效抑制微生物的生长,表面受活性污泥污染程度小,具有显著的抗有机污染和抗生物污染性能. 相似文献
102.
纳米颗粒原位植入法制备改性超滤膜及其抗生物污染性能研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
选取氧化铝分散体(Al2O3)、Linde A型沸石(LTA)、Linde L型沸石(LTL)和X型八面沸石(FAU-X)4种纳米颗粒,采用原位植入的方法对超滤膜进行表面改性,以提高聚砜超滤膜的抗生物污染性能.通过扫描电子显微镜、接触角测定、抗生物污染性能测试等方法来表征改性前后膜结构和性能的变化.结果表明,纳米颗粒在膜表面的原位植入具有其可行性,该方法只改变超滤膜的表面形貌,对断面和底面的结构没有影响;纳米颗粒原位植入法改性后,超滤膜的亲水性有显著提高.就抗生物污染性能而言,纳米颗粒的植入提高了膜的抗粘附性能,在纳米颗粒覆盖的区域没有大肠杆菌粘附生长;在这4种膜中,UF-LTA和UF-LTL膜的抗粘附性能优于UF-Al2O3和UF-FAU-X膜.相较而言,LTA型沸石在膜表面分散效果良好,原位植入后显著改善了膜的亲水性并且表现出较好的抗粘附性能,可作为理想的材料用于下一步研究.但LTA型沸石的抗水流剪切的能力较弱,要想提高该种纳米颗粒在膜表面的结合牢固性,应考虑减小颗粒的粒径. 相似文献
103.
Esquivel DM Wajnberg E do Nascimento FS Pinho MB Lins de Barros HG Eizemberg R 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2007,94(2):139-142
Six behavioural experiments were carried out to investigate the magnetic field effects on the nest-exiting flight directions
of the honeybee Schwarziana quadripunctata (Meliponini). No significant differences resulted during six experiment days under varying geomagnetic field and the applied static inhomogeneous
field (about ten times the geomagnetic field) conditions. A surprising statistically significant response was obtained on
a unique magnetic storm day. The magnetic nanoparticles in these bees, revealed by ferromagnetic resonance, could be involved
in the observed effect of the geomagnetic storm. 相似文献
104.
Oxidative stress, cytoxicity, and cell mortality induced by nano-sized lead in aqueous suspensions 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Cornejo-Garrido H Kibanova D Nieto-Camacho A Guzmán J Ramírez-Apan T Fernández-Lomelín P Garduño ML Cervini-Silva J 《Chemosphere》2011,84(10):1329-1335
This paper reports on the effect of aqueous and nano-particulated Pb on oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation), cytoxicity, and cell mortality. As determined by the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) method, only 6 h after incubation aqueous suspensions bearing nano-sized PbO2, soluble Pb(II), and brain-homogenate only suspensions, were determined to contain as much as ca. 7, 5, and 1 nmol TBARS mg protein−1, respectively. Exposure of human cells (central nervous system, prostate, leukemia, colon, breast, lung cells) to nano-PbO2 led to cell-growth inhibition values (%) ca. ≤18.7%. Finally, as estimated by the Artemia salina test, cell mortality values were found to show high-survival larvae rates. Microscopic observations revealed that Pb particles were swallowed, but caused no mortality, however. 相似文献
105.
106.
Ecotoxicity of nanosized TiO2. Review of in vivo data 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This report presents an exhaustive literature review of data on the effect of nanoparticulate TiO2 on algae, higher plants, aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates and freshwater fish. The aim, to identify the biologically important characteristics of the nanoparticles that have most biological significance, was unsuccessful, no discernable correlation between primary particle size and toxic effect being apparent. Secondary particle size and particle surface area may be relevant to biological potential of nanoparticles, but insufficient confirmatory data exist. The nanotoxicity data from thirteen studies fail to reveal the characteristics actually responsible for their biological reactivity because reported nanotoxicity studies rarely carry information on the physicochemical characteristics of the nanoparticles tested. A number of practical measures are suggested which should support the generation of reliable QSAR models and so overcome this data inadequacy. 相似文献
107.
108.
109.
采用液相还原法制备膨润土负载纳米铁/镍(Bent-Fe/Ni)用于还原阿莫西林,研究了不同浓度的阴离子(SO2-4、HCO-3)和阳离子(Ca2+、Cu2+)对Bent-Fe/Ni还原阿莫西林的影响.结果表明,SO2-4、HCO-3浓度对Bent-Fe/Ni还原阿莫西林的影响较大,当其浓度分别为0和500mg·L-1时,阿莫西林的去除率分别为93.7%和21.5%(SO2-4),以及93.7%和5.8%(HCO-3);Ca2+对Bent-Fe/Ni还原阿莫西林起到抑制作用,当其浓度为0和500 mg·L-1时,阿莫西林的去除率分别为93.7%和77.8%;低浓度的Cu2+对Bent-Fe/Ni还原阿莫西林起到促进作用,而高浓度的Cu2+对Bent-Fe/Ni还原阿莫西林起到抑制作用,当其浓度为0、10和100 mg·L-1时,阿莫西林的去除率分别为93.7%、94.8%和86.7%. 相似文献
110.
Robina Begum Zahoor H. Farooqi Zonarah Butt Qingshi Wu Weitai Wu Ahmad Irfan 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(10):43-52
Silver nanoparticles with average diameter of 10 ± 3 nm were synthesized within the sieves of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate-acrylic acid)(p(NIPAAm-HEMA-AAc))polymer microgels. Free radial emulsion polymerization was employed for synthesis of p(NIPAAm-HEMA-AAc) polymer microgels. Silver nanoparticles were introduced within the microgels sphere by in situ reduction method. Microgels and hybrid microgels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultra violet-visible spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering measurements. Catalytic activity of Ag-p(NIPAAm-HEMA-AAc) hybrid microgels was studied using catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol(4-NP) as a model reaction in aqueous media. The influence of sodium borohydride(Na BH4) concentration, catalyst dose and 4-NP concentration on catalytic reduction of 4-NP was investigated. A linear relationship was found between catalyst dose and apparent rate constant(kapp). The mechanism of catalysis by hybrid microgels was explored for further development in this area. The deep analysis of catalytic process reveals that the unique combination of NIPAAm, HEMA and AAc does not only stabilize silver nanoparticles in polymer network but it also enhances the mass transport of hydrophilic substrate like 4-NP from outside to inside the polymer network. 相似文献