遂宁市环境空气中SO2时空分布特征研究

本文采取环境质量监测工作中被动采样法,具有适用性强、地域范围广、使用周期长的特点,按照遂宁市辖区内16km×16km均匀网格布点,开展了为期一年的大气中SO2研究,分析区域内SO2浓度时空变化,以图形化方式表达.研究表明:整个遂宁市辖区范围内SO2浓度整体水平不高;不同时间、不同区域内的SO2浓度差异较大,秋冬高、春夏低;工业集中区浓度较高;受常年主导风向西北风以及污染源整体布局的综合影响,辖区范围内SO2浓度呈现西北低、东南高的趋势.     

瓦斯压力测定时间及其受控因素分析

提前掌握瓦斯压力测定所需时间,对准确高效地测定煤层瓦斯压力非常重要。以被动式岩巷测压为例,在初步分析测压钻孔周围煤体初始瓦斯压力分布规律、游离瓦斯与吸附瓦斯的关系、瓦斯流量衰减规律及瓦斯流场平衡条件的基础上,从理论上推导出瓦斯压力测定时间计算公式。将该公式与现场瓦斯压力测定监测数据进行对比分析,并研究瓦斯压力测定时间的影响因素。结果表明,理论分析结果与现场瓦斯压力测定情况基本一致,测压时间的误差仅为6%;改变测压钻孔初始气体压力(主动式测压)是唯一有实用价值的方法。     

Foliar Phenolics in Sugar Maple (Acer Saccharum) as a Potential Indicator of Tropospheric Ozone Pollution

Tropospheric O₃ has been implicated in the declining health of forest ecosystems in Europe and North America and has been shown to have negative consequences on human health. We have measured tropospheric ozone (O₃) in the lower canopy through the use of passive monitors located in five woodlots along a 150 km urban–rural transect, originating in the large urban complex of Toronto, Canada. We also sampled foliage from 10 mature sugar maple trees in each woodlot and measured the concentration of a number of phenolic compounds and macronutrients. O₃ concentrations were highest in the two rural woodlots, located approximately 150 km downwind of Toronto, when compared to the woodlots found within the Greater Toronto Area. Foliar concentrations of three flavonoids, avicularin, isoquercitrin, and quercitrin, were significantly greater and nitrogen concentrations significantly lower at these same rural woodlots, suggesting some physiological disruption is occurring in those sites where exposure to tropospheric O₃ is greater. We suggest that foliar phenolics of sugar maple may be a biochemical indicator of tropospheric ozone exposure.     

安全产品的供求特性及其与行业安全形势的关系初探

基于安全经济学的基本原理，通过对不同行业的自动安全水平和法定安全水平之间的关系的分析，论述了不同行业安全产品的需求特性，以及与此相适应的安全产品供给特性；并对安全产品的特殊供求机制与特定行业的安全形势之间的关系进行了初步的探讨，提出了提高行业安全水平的对策。     

杭州市公共场所内空气中PBDEs污染特征及暴露

为评估杭州市典型室内公共场所空气中多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）的污染现状,2016年5~8月和9~12月期间,采用空气被动采样技术（PUF-PAS）在17家室内公共场所总计采集54个空气样品,经样品预处理和GC-ECD分析后,结果表明,5类环境空气样品中∑₁₄PBDEs浓度均值大小依次为网咖（2470.43pg/m³）>建材市场（1119.87pg/m³）>电子市场（660.84pg/m³）>商场（478.37pg/m³）>图书城（182.18pg/m³）.最主要的特征单体均为BDE-209,占总量的36.79%~56.21%,BDE-47、BDE-99、BDE-153、BDE-183也是PBDEs在空气中较主要的同系物,其最高浓度分别占7.77%,7.56%,6.32%和7.73%.评估PBDEs人群暴露水平的结果表明,网咖内暴露水平最高,图书城则为最低,其浓度分别为570.10和44.79pg/（kg×d）.室内空气中,对人群PBDEs总摄入量贡献最高的特征单体是BDE-209,平均水平为18.44~323.70pg/（kg×d）,最低的则为BDE-183,平均水平为1.75~20.05pg/（kg×d）,目前杭州市各典型室内公共场所PBDEs人群暴露水平相比美国环境保护署（EPA）提出的参考剂量较低.     

大气汞被动采样器研究进展

大气汞浓度监测日益受到重视,使用主动监测系统进行大气汞浓度监测需要持续电力供应,专业人员进行定期维护,且仪器普遍昂贵,因此不适宜在环境恶劣或基础设施落后的偏远地区进行,也难以进行大范围高密度布设。大气汞被动采样器由于造价便宜、不易受恶劣环境影响、采样过程中不需要人力及电力设施支持,可以在偏远地区实施无人值守监测,应用空间广泛。大气汞被动采样器在近年发展迅速,针对不同形态汞浓度监测有多种类型采样器。本文回顾已有大气汞被动采样器研究,针对各采样器的设计原理、采样效率及其在大气汞监测中的实际应用进行综述。     

Using fluorescence-based microplate assay to assess DOM-metal binding in reactive materials for treatment of acid mine drainage

One potential drawback of compost-based passive bioreactors, which is a promising biotechnology for acid mine drainage (AMD) treatment, is the transport of dissolved organic matter (DOM)-metal complexes in surface waters. To address this problem, the objective of this study was to assess the maximum capacity of organic substrates to release soluble DOM-metal complexes in treated water. The reactivities of DOM in maple wood chips and sawdust, composted poultry manure, and leaf compost were quantified toward Cd2+, Ni2+, Fe2+, and Cu2+ using fluorescence quenching. The DOM showed the highest reactivity toward Fe, but a limited number of available sites for sorption, whereas DOM-Cd complexes exhibited the lowest fluorescence quenching. Overall, the DOM from a mixture of wastes formed higher concentrations of DOM-metal complexes relative to sole substrates. Among DOM-metal complexes, the concentrations of DOM-Ni complexes were the highest. After reaching steady-state, low concentrations of DOM-metal complexes were released in treated water, which is in agreement with theoretical predictions based on geochemical modeling. Therefore, in addition to physicochemical characterization, fluorescence quenching technique is recommended for the substrate selection of bioreactors.     

静态雾水采集器性能的评估

文章通过对日本神奈川县丹沢.大山中不同位置安装的静态雾水采集器采集样品的分析结果,分别与动态雾水采集器及同一地点采集的雨水样品的分析结果进行线性相关性的分析后得出:动态雾水采集器的性能虽然好于静态雾水采集器。但是,静态雾水采集器安置的环境如果适当,那么静态雾水采集器所采集的样品能够反映大气环境的状况,并且由于其价格低廉、不耗电特点,是一个很好的大气监测设备。     

Delonix regia and Casuarina equisetifolia as passive biomonitors and as bioaccumulators of atmospheric trace metals

The suitability of two common and ubiquitously distributed and exotic ornamental plant species in Nigeria-Delonix regia and Casuarina equisetifolia as biomonitors and as effective bioaccumulators of atmospheric trace metals(Cd,Pb,Zn and Cu) has been evaluated.Bark and leaf samples from these plant species were collected in June and July 2006 at five locations in Benin City.Four of the sampling sites were in areas of high traffic density and commercial activities,the fifth site is a remote site,selected to act as a control and also to provide background information for the metals.The plant samples were collected and processed using standard procedures and trace metals were determined using atomic absorption spectrometer.The bark of the plants was able to bioaccumulate the trace metals,especially Pb which originates from anthropogenic contributions in the city.The Pb range of 20.00-70.00 μg/g measured for the bark samples of D.regia,exceeded the normal plant Pb concentration of 0.2-20.0 μg/g and most Pb data available in literature.The bark of the plants was observed to accumulate more metals compared to the leave,while D.regia was found to be slightly better than C.equisetifolia in trace metal uptake efficiency.Spatial variations in the distributions of Pb and Zn were significant(p 0.05),and the continuous use of leaded fuel in Nigeria was identified as the predominant source of Pb in the atmosphere.     

酸性矿山排水被动处理方法研究进展

介绍了酸性矿山废水的产生及危害,以及国内外处理酸性矿山废水技术的最新进展,对酸性矿山废水（AMD）处理方法从主动处理技术和被动处理技术两方面进行了介绍,主动处理技术主要是中和法,此方法使用碱性化学物质（主要包括：石灰、石灰石、苏打、苛性碱、过氧化钙、氨等）中和AMD。被动处理方法是利用自然产生的化学物质和生物过程处理AMD,被动处理技术有：人工湿地,缺氧石灰沟,垂直流动系统（如连续碱度产生系统）,转换井,石灰塘,可渗透反应墙法,石灰石过滤床（LSB）,矿渣过滤床（SLB）和敞口石灰渠道。并将主动处理技术与被动处理技术的优缺点进行了比较。