芘降解菌DY-1的条件优化及降解动力学特性分析

选用已筛选出以芘为唯一碳源的假单胞菌DY-1(Pseudomonas sp.)作为芘降解菌,采用摇瓶振荡培养方法,研究了不同环境条件对菌DY-1降解芘效率的影响以及降解动力学特性。结果表明,在含芘50 mg/L的条件下培养9 d,降解率达83.2%。最适宜温度为30℃,pH值为7.5,摇床转速为120 r/min,接种量为1.5 mL;在不同培养条件下芘的降解符合一级动力学模型;低浓度Zn2+,Cd2+,Cr6+的存在对芘降解效果影响较小,Cu2+,Pb2+对芘的降解有较强的毒性;加入低浓度有机物质,蔗糖可提高DY-1芘的降解;低浓度萘或蒽的存在可促进芘的降解。     

表面活性剂对Bacillus pumilus strain Bap9 降解苯并[a]芘的影响

研究了非离子型表面活性剂Triton X-100(TX-100)和Tween80(TW-80)对苯并[a]芘的增溶特性及对苯并[a]芘高效降解菌Bacillus pumilus strain Bap9生长的影响,结果表明,2种表面活性剂对苯并[a]芘均有良好的增溶效果,均能作为碳源和能源被菌株Bap9所利用,TX-100增溶能力和增殖能力相对更强;不同浓度的TX-100对菌株降解苯并[a]芘的影响不同,当浓度为1 000 mg/L时,对降解的促进作用最强,可将苯并[a]芘降解率提高20.8%;在苯并[a]芘降解过程中,TX-100亦能作为碳源被菌株Bap9利用,不产生二次污染,因此可用于苯并[a]芘污染环境的生物修复。     

一株芘的高效降解菌的选育及其降解性能研究

旨在为多环芳烃污染环境的生物修复提供微生物资源和科学依据,从某焦化厂曝气池的活性污泥中分离纯化出一株降解芘的优势菌株B-1,该菌株可在以芘为惟一碳源的培养基中生长繁殖,能利用芘的最高浓度为130 mg/L左右.经形态学观察、生理生化实验及l6S rDNA序列分析,初步判断菌株B-1为芽胞杆菌属.投菌量、芘初始浓度、pH...     

长江武汉段水体中多环芳烃的分布及来源分析

对长江武汉段干流7个站点、支流和湖泊23个站点的水相、悬浮颗粒相和沉积相样品中的多环芳烃进行了分析测定.结果表明,水相中多环芳烃总量的变化范围为0.242～6.235μg·L-1沉积相中的变化范围为31-4812μg·L-1悬浮颗粒相中多环芳烃含量的平均值为4677μg·L-1,含量高于沉积物.长江武汉段与国内其它河流多环芳烃污染水平相当,比国外一些河流多环芳烃的污染水平要高.沉积相中多环芳烃的含量与颗粒物中总有机碳(TOC)含量呈显著正相关.污染来源分析表明,多环芳烃主要由化石燃料、木材等的燃烧所引起,污染来源为燃烧源.在干流白沙洲和支流墨水湖的水相中检出了苯并(a)芘,且含量超出了国家饮用水标准.沉积物中PAHs对周围生物存在潜在的毒性效应,但不会引起急性毒性效应.     

Adsorption and partition of benzo(a)pyrene on sediments with different particle sizes from the Yellow River

Experiments have been carried out to study the sorption of Benzo(a)pyrene(Bap) on sediment particles from the Yellow River using a batch equilibration technique. Effects of particle size on the adsorption and partition of Bap were investigated with the particle content of 3 g/L. Several significant results were obtained from the study. (1) Isotherms of Bap could be fitted with the dual adsorption-partition model under different particle sizes, and the measured value of the adsorption and partition was in agreement with the theoretical value of the dual adsorption-partition model. (2) When the particle diameter was d ⩾ 0.025 mm, the adsorption was predominant in the sorption of Bap, which accounted for 68.7%–82.4% of the sorption. For the particles with the size of 0.007 mm⩽d<0.025 mm, the adsorption was predominant when the equilibrium concentration of Bap was 0–8.87 μg/L in the water phase; and the partition was predominant when the equilibrium concentration of Bap was higher than 8.87 μg/L in the water phase. When the particle diameter was d<0.007 mm, the partition was predominant. (3) On the point of particle size, the contribution of adsorption to sorption followed the order: “d⩾0.025 mm”>“0.007 mm ⩽d<0.025 mm” >“d<0.007 mm”. (4) The partition coefficients of Bap in solids with different particle sizes were linearly correlated with the organic content, and the K _oc of Bap was about 1.26 × 10⁵ (L/kg). Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2006, 26(2): 269–274 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

苯并(a)芘和芘的混合物暴露对梭鱼肝脏抗氧化酶活性的影响

在实验生态条件下，研究浓度范围从0.1-50μg/L的苯并（a)芘和芘的等浓度混合物暴露对梭鱼（Mugil so-iuy)肝脏抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果显示，对肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx)和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的影响主要表现出抑制效应。在暴露过程中，抗氧化酶活性也有出现短暂的诱导，高浓度组出现诱导的时间比低浓度组早。SOD和GPx活性的变化有一定的同步性。CAT活性在暴露早期出现诱导。抗氧化酶活性的变化间接反映了环境中氧化胁迫的存在。     

Relationships between indoor and outdoor air pollution by carcinogenic PAHs and PCBs

PAHs and PCBs were collected simultaneously indoors and outdoors at eight non-smoking homes located in four buildings in high-traffic areas of Rome. The purpose was to evaluate the relevance of indoor air in contributing to the overall exposure of the urban population. The vertical distribution was also investigated by collecting outdoor samples at both road and roof level, and indoor samples in both a high and a low floor flat of each building. At one coal-heated building, samples were collected during both the heating and the non-heating season. No evident PAH source was present indoors. Indoor and outdoor daily concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) ranged, respectively, 0.1–4.6 ng m⁻³ and 0.7–2.3 ng m⁻³. With the heating on, indoor PAH concentrations equalled or exceeded those outdoors, with BaP indoor/outdoor ratios up to 4; during the warm season, ratios decreased to 0.2–0.6. Indoor PAHs at the low floors exceeded the high-floor ones when the heating was off (vehicle exhausts being the dominant source), while being equal or lower with the heating on; the vertical gradient of indoor PAHs between different floors was within a factor of 2. Outdoor PAHs at roof level were 20–70% of those at road level, which in turn exceeded those at the medium-traffic station up to a factor of 4. The outdoor concentrations of Σ6 indicator PCBs ranged 0.1–1.6 ng m⁻³. Indoor PCB concentrations exceeded those outdoors by an approximate factor of 2–50. No vertical gradient was observed. The results indicated that indoor air may contribute to the overall exposure to PAHs and PCBs more than the urban air. They were also consistent with recent findings suggesting that indoor air can be a relevant source of PCBs for outdoor air.     

混合表面活性剂对菲和芘的增溶作用

比较了非离子表面活性剂 (Tween2 0 ,Tween40 ,Tween60 ,Tween80 ,Brij35和Brij5 8)与SDBS混合表面活性剂对菲和芘的增溶作用 .结果表明 ,在临界胶束浓度 (CMC)以上 ,表面活性剂对菲和芘有显著的增溶作用 ,菲的增溶顺序为 :Tween40 >Tween60 >Tween2 0 >Tween80 >Brij5 8>Brij35 ;芘的增溶顺序为 :Tween60 >Tween80 >Tween40 >Brij5 8>Tween2 0 >Brij35 .阴 非离子混合表面活性剂溶液的CMC值降低 ,胶束 水中溶质的分配系数Kmc增大 ,由此对菲和芘产生协同增溶作用 ,其顺序均为 :SDBS Tween60 >SDBS Tween80 >SDBS Tween40 >SDBS Brij5 8>SDBS Tween2 0 >SDBS Brij35 ,协同增溶程度在 1 1 7%— 65 8%之间 .     

饮用水中苯并（a）芘的毛细管气相色谱分析

本文叙述了应用毛细管气相色谱测定饮用水中苯并（ａ）芘含量的方法，二氯甲烷用做提取剂，萃取１Ｌ水样，提取液在微沸状态下蒸干并定容，以不分流方式注入色谱仪进样口，样品在５０Ｍ张的ＳＥ－５４毛细管色谱柱上分离，氢火焰离子化检测器检测后，进行定性定量分析，方法的检测下限达２．５ｎｇ／ｌ，不仅能满足生活饮用水，也可满足天然饮用矿泉水，湖水，河水等水体中苯并（ａ）芘的检测。     

固相萃取富集高压液相色谱分析饮用水中的苯并(a)

本文以高压液相色谱仪作为样品分析手段,对Ｃ１８键合相吸附剂富集饮用水中苯并（ａ）芘回收效率的影响因素逐一进行系统研究。实验结果显示,在优化的样品富集和样品分析条件下,该方法具有快速、安全、高效和低耗等优点,在绝对进样量００２５～０３ｍｇ之间,线性良好,方法最低检出限为０５ｎｇ／Ｌ,同时准确度和精密度也得到很好地控制。另外,该方法在自来水及其源水的样品分析中获得了良好的结果。