环境监测分析中的质量保证

环境监测质量保证是一种保证监测数据准确可靠的方法,也是科学管理实验室的有效措施,可以大大提高数据的质量,使环境监测建立在可靠的基础上。     

Controlled-release fertilizer(CRF):A green fertilizer for controlling non-point contamination in agriculture

Fertilizers contribute greatly to high yields but also result in environmental non-point contamination, including the emission of greenhouse gas(N2O) and eutrophication of water bodies. How to solve this problem has become a serious challenge, especially for China as its high ecological pressure. Controlled-release fertilizer(CRF) has been developed to minimize the contamination while keeping high yield and has become a green fertilizer for agriculture. Several CRFs made with special coating technology were used for testing the fertilizer effects in yield and environment through pot experiment and field trial. The result indicated that the CRFs had higher N use efficiency, thus reducing N loss through leaching and volatilization while keeping higher yields. Comparing with imported standard CRFs,the test on CRFs showed similar fertilizer effect but with much lower cost. CRFs application is becoming a new approach for minimizing non-point contamination in agriculture.     

中国对流层二氧化硫光化学氧化过程的数值研究

利用一个三维非静力区域大气化学输送模式与中尺度气象模式MM5相连接构成一个数值模拟系统，模拟了中国地区对流层臭氧与其前体物的分布以及二氧化硫转化为硫酸盐的过程，模式扬地面源排放、大气输送和扩散、干沉积、气相化学反应和云雨过程。结果表明：日间，O3浓度主要由NOx和NMHC的源排放和光化学反应过程支配，大气辐射是光化学反应强弱的决定因子，其强度可使SO2、O3和SO4^2-的生成浓度呈现不同的日变化和季节变化，结果表明高浓度的O3对二氧化硫转化为硫酸盐的化学过程有很大的促进作用，然而，这种作用受NMHC浓度的影响很大，较高浓度的NMHC使O3浓度上升，但同时增加了对OH等自由基的消耗，使SO2的转化率降低。     

污染源废气监测采样中应注意的几个问题

阐述污染源废气在采样前的准备工作,采样中的监测细节,采样后的样品运输及存放,采样过程中的质量控制等方面,提高采样的质量和效率的实施细则。     

飘尘质量浓度与气象要素的关系

通过1988年1～12月对飘尘进行的一年采样,讨论本地区飘尘质量浓度与气象要素的关系。一、采样仪器及操作本站使用的飘尘采样机是西德产HV-100型大流量空气采样机,采样流量控制在60M~3/h     

Observation of atmospheric nitrous acid with DOAS in Beijing, China

Measurements of nitrous acid （HONO） and nitrogen dioxide （NO2） in Beijing City have been performed by means of a developed differential optical absorption spectroscopy （DOAS） system based on photodiode array （PDA）, during the autumn of 2004. HONO and NO2 were simultaneously identified by their characteristic absorption bands in the spectral region between 337 nm and 372 nm with high sensibility and time resolution. The concentrations of HONO exhibit obviously diurnal variation with a nocturnal maximum and a daytime minimum. The highest HONO value up to 11.8 μg/m^3 was observed during the night of 2/3 September. Possible sources of the observed HONO were discussed. Good correlation to NO2 indicates that NO2 is a main source component. The measurement also shows direct emission of HONO is an imnortant source in strongly polluted urban area.     

某些南极陨石的天体化学特征

用中子活化分析测定了7个南极球粒陨石的主量和微量元素含量，讨论了这些陨石的元素丰度分配特征及南极陨石与非南极陨石的元素丰度差异，并划分了这7个南极陨石的化学群：Y791717（C3），Y74193（H5），ALH76006（H6），ALH77214（L3），Y75271（L5），ALH76001（L6），ALH76009（L6）陨石。     

兴济河污水处理厂水源水质质量评价

本文通过监测兴济河水域的水质资料，利用内梅罗(N．L．Nemerow)污染指数，确定水域的污染程度。     

海州露天煤矿区土壤质量性状演变的研究

采取海州露天煤矿区采场、排矸场和排土场不同年限梯田层土样,对土壤性质的时空变化进行了研究。结果表明,露天煤矿土壤属于偏碱性、缺氮磷、富钾土壤,矿区土壤动物种类少数量低,线虫数量随着土壤年限增加而增多;用主成分分析法对土壤质量综合评价表明:露天采场土壤质量从底层梯田向顶层递增,排土场土壤质量由底层向顶层递减,是随着梯田年限增加而递增;排矸场土壤质量与梯田年限趋势不明显,主要由混排岩土的母质决定。     

处理含苯废水的吸附实验研究

本研究针对化工行业含苯废水予处理困难之现状，利用高效新型吸附剂，对含苯废水进行动态吸附实验研究，以测试吸附柱在不同条件下的吸附量，并获得最佳运行方式。