云南省湖库水中透明度和叶绿素a的控制指标研究

鉴于云南省的高原湖泊水环境保护的迫切性,为了控制高原湖泊的富营养化,切实提高湖库的水环境质量,本文在通过调查统计云南省辖区内的典型湖库和国内外相关指标分析评价研究的基础上,提出了云南省湖库水中透明度、叶绿素a环境控制指标的标准限值.     

Application of Bayesian regularized BP neural network model for analysis of aquatic ecological data-A case study of chlorophyll-a prediction in Nanzui water area of Dongting Lake

Bayesian regularized BP neural network（BRBPNN） technique was applied in the chlorophyll-α prediction of Nanzui water area in Dongting Lake. Through BP network interpolation method, the input and output samples of the network were obtained. After the selection of input variables using stepwise/multiple linear regression method in SPSS i1.0 software, the BRBPNN model was established between chlorophyll-α and environmental parameters, biological parameters. The achieved optimal network structure was 3-11-1 with the correlation coefficients and the mean square errors for the training set and the test set as 0.999 and 0.000？8426, 0.981 and 0.0216 respectively. The sum of square weights between each input neuron and the hidden layer of optimal BRBPNN models of different structures indicated that the effect of individual input parameter on chlorophyll- α declined in the order of alga amount 〉 secchi disc depth（SD） 〉 electrical conductivity （EC）. Additionally, it also demonstrated that the contributions of these three factors were the maximal for the change of chlorophyll-α concentration, total phosphorus（TP） and total nitrogen（TN） were the minimal. All the results showed that BRBPNN model was capable of automated regularization parameter selection and thus it may ensure the excellent generation ability and robustness. Thus, this study laid the foundation for the application of BRBPNN model in the analysis of aquatic ecological data（chlorophyll-α prediction） and the explanation about the effective eutrophication treatment measures for Nanzui water area in Dongting Lake.     

1998～2003年卫星反演的中国陆架海叶绿素a浓度变化分析

利用1998~2003年SeaWiFS反演计算出的叶绿素a浓度数据,对中国陆架海叶绿素a浓度分布的规律和机理进行了分析探讨。结果表明,不同海区叶绿素a的浓度在各年间基本呈周期变化,每年随季节不同而变化。SeaWiFS反演的叶绿素a浓度分布情况与前人现场调查的结果较为一致,更为直观地揭示了中国陆架海的水文物理特征。遥感方法作为海洋科学研究的重要手段,更具应用前景。     

羟基杀灭赤潮裸甲藻研究

羟基自由基水溶液杀灭赤潮微生物裸甲藻的实验。海水羟基比值浓度达到0.68mg/L时,裸甲藻、细菌从0.89×104/mL、5.2×105/mL减少到低于检测方法的低限值;羟基水溶液比值浓度达到0.6mg/L时,微生物的叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素含量均低于检测方法的最低限值。实验数据表明羟基是治理赤潮的绿色有效方法。     

二价铜离子对川蔓藻(Ruppia maritima)的毒害作用研究

采用室内培养试验方法,研究了水体中二价铜离子(Cu2 )对耐盐沉水植物川蔓藻的毒害作用.试验针对叶绿素、可溶性蛋白和POD活性3项指标进行分析.结果表明,川蔓藻对低浓度铜离子的胁迫会产生一定的适应性,在Cu2 ≤1 mg·L-1的情况下对川蔓藻生长不会造成明显影响.Cu2 达到或超过5 mg·L-1就会使川蔓藻植株的生理生化指标出现明显变化,生长也会受到抑制.在试验条件下,铜离子浓度越高,植株受到的伤害越严重.     

Responses of chlorophyll fluorescence and nitrogen level of Leymus chinensis seedling to changes of soil moisture and temperature

Controlled experiment of Leymus chinensis seedlings grown in the environmental growth chambers at 3 soil moisture levels and 3 temperature levels was conducted in order to improve the understanding how leaf photosynthetic parameters will respond to climatic change. The results indicated that soil drought and high temperature decreased the photochemical efficiency of photosystem ( Fw/Fm ), the overall photochemical quantum yield of PSIl(yield), the coefficient of photochemical fluorescence quenching(qp), but increased the coefficient of non-photochemical fluorescence quenching( q, ). Severe soil drought would decrease Fv/Fm and yield by 3.12% and 37.04% under 26% condition, respectively, and 6.60% and 73.33% under 32% condition, respectively,suggesting that higher temperature may enhance the negative effects of soil drought. All the soil drought treatments resulted in the decline in leaf nitrogen content. There was no significant effect of temperature on leaf nitrogen level,but higher temperature significantly reduced the root nitrogen content and the ratio of root nitrogen to leaf nitrogen,indicating the different strategies of adaptation to soil drought and temperature. It was also implied that higher temperature would enhance the effect of soil drought on leaf photosynthetic capacity, decrease the adaptability of Leymus chinensis to drought.     

珠江口水域叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素的周年分布

本文根据1987～1988年所进行13个航次调查的资料,着重阐述珠江口水域光合色素,包括叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素含量的周年分布,综合分析和比较了各种生态因子与光合色素含量之间的相关性,提出了有关的相关模式,为进一步研究河口生态系,揭示珠江口水质特征及赤潮发生规律,规划河口资源开发利用和环境整治等提供了参考依据。     

CIO2杀藻效能研究

研究了CIO2不同投加剂量、不同接触时间对藻类的去除效果，并对微污染水源水CIO2杀藻进行了成本分析。结果表明：(1)CIO2杀藻效果显著，当反应时间为10min，每mg叶绿素a(chla)投加20．28mgCIO2即可达到91．10％的去除率。(2)对于叶绿素a含量为20．46ugλ的微污染水源水，若要求去除率在75％以内，则吨水处理成本不超过0．087元。     

几种水草清污能力的测定

随着环境问题的日益严重，水污染问题引起了人们的注意，本采用对比实验的方法对几种水草在不同水质条件下净化作用（COD值）及其生理反应（叶绿素，SOC，蛋白质）进行比较测定，发现这几种水草都具有较强的清污能力，在污水中，苦草的耐污能力较强，微齿眼子菜急性耐污能力较强，菹草的耐污能力最好，且适合在冬季种植，同时，水草量的多少对水质的净化也有一定的关系，建议在治疗的同时，应该控制污水的直接排放。     

太湖梅梁湾水体中可见光的衰减、吸收及散射

对太湖梅梁湾沿岸带和敞水区的水体进行了光学特性研究。结果发现，沿岸带的水下光辐射衰减系数(Kd)值较敞水区小；400nm与500nm向上辐照度比值(Eu440／Eu550),沿岸带在1m左右最小,敞水区在0．5m左右最小;沿岸带的水面下向上辐照度与向下辐照度的比值(R)低于敞水区：440、550、670nm的后向散射与吸收的比值(b／a),在沿岸带的1m处最大,敞水区在0．5m处最大。这些结果说明,相对于敞水区而言,沿岸带的光衰减较弱,无机悬浮颗粒的含量较少,最大叶绿素a分布较深。