Effect of chromium on accumulation and antioxidants in Cucumis utillissimus L.: Response under enhanced bioavailability condition

This study compares the accumulation of Cr(VI) and biochemical changes (total chlorophyll, carotenoid, protein, malondialdehyde (MDA) and cysteine contents) and roles of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX)) in tolerance to metal induced stress in Cucumis utillissimus L. grown in Cr contaminated soil (CS) with garden soil (GS). Furthermore, Cr bioavailability was enhanced by ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) addition to the soil to forecast the plant’s accumulation pattern at elevated Cr environment. Accumulation of Cr in the leaves of the plant increased with increase in substrate metals concentration. It further increased with the addition of EDTA by 1437% and 487% in GS and CS, respectively at the highest treatment level. The lipid peroxidation increased proportionately with increase in Cr accumulation in the leaves. All the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPX and APX) and the level of cysteine increased with dose dependant manner. SOD and cysteine were observed to be higher in the GS than in CS, but APX and GPX were found to be higher in CS than in GS. The increase in GPX and APX activities with the increase in Cr concentration could be assumed that these two enzymes have a major role in the defense mechanism towards stress induced by Cr in C. utillissimus.     

Transport and fate of mercury under different hydrologic regimes in polluted stream in mining area

Seepage from Hg mine wastes and calcines contains high concentrations of mercury (Hg). Hg pollution is a major environmental problem in areas with abandoned mercury mines and retorting units. This study evaluates factors, especially the hydrological and sedimentary variables, governing temporal and spatial variation in levels and state of mercury in streams impacted by Hg contaminated runo . Samples were taken during di erent flow regimes in theWanshan Hg mining area in Guizhou Province, China. In its headwaters the sampled streams/rivers pass by several mine wastes and calcines with high concentration of Hg. Seepage causes serious Hg contamination to the downstream area. Concentrations of Hg in water samples showed significant seasonal variations. Periods of higher flow showed high concentrations of total Hg (THg) in water due to more particles being re-suspended and transported. The concentrations of major anions (e.g., Cl??, F??, NO3?? and SO4 2??) were lower during higher flow due to dilution. Due to both sedimentation of particles and dilution from tributaries the concentration of THg decreased from 2100 ng/L to background levels (< 50 ng/L) within 10 km distance downstream. Sedimentation is the main reason for the fast decrease of the concentration, it accounts for 69% and 60% for higher flow and lower flow regimes respectively in the upper part of the stream. Speciation calculation of the dissolved Hg fraction (DHg) (using Visual MINTEQ) showed that Hg(OH)2 associated with dissolved organic matter is the main form of Hg in dissolved phase in surface waters in Wanshan (over 95%).     

北京转河河岸带生态修复对河流水质的影响

以北京转河为例,探讨一系列河岸带生态修复措施(尤其是河漫地和护岸的改造)对河流水质的影响.于2009年7～9月进行实地调查,沿河岸选取13个采样点,并定期采集水样,测定其中营养物质和溶解氧(DO)等的浓度.结果表明,转河氨氮(NH4+-N)、硝氮(NO3--N)、总磷(TP)和DO的浓度均有非常明显的季节变化.在居民用...     

改性灰岩除氟的实验研究

采用改性灰岩作为除氟材料,通过批实验和柱实验,考察不同条件下的除氟效果,并探讨了其实际应用的可能性。结果表明:FeCl3溶液联合灰岩除氟,可使高氟水中的氟浓度达到国家饮用水标准,在含氟水样中加灰岩后,直接加FeCl3会促进灰岩对氟的去除效率。在氟离子浓度为5 mg/L,粒径0.2～0.5 mm的灰岩为1 g的条件下,铁离子含量为0.016 mmol/L时,即可达到去除的最佳效果,除氟率可达95.74%。柱实验说明在FeCl3溶液浓度一定时,除氟率随着总出水量的增加而提高;填充的灰岩总量不变时,随着FeCl3溶液浓度的增加,除氟效果明显增加,说明本实验具有实际应用的可能性。     

工业废水中钡的排放限值研究

在查阅大量文献资料基础上,总结了环境中钡的来源和特性,采用电感耦合等离子原子发射光谱方法测定地表水及稀土废水中的钡元素含量.对仪器的工作参数和被测元素的分析谱线进行了优化和选择,结合钡的化学毒性,提出了废水中钡的标准是5mg/L的建议.     

分点进水高效除磷脱氮工艺工程应用研究

分点进水脱氮除磷新工艺以统一动力学理论、动力学负荷理论、污泥浓度优化理论、同步硝化反硝化理论、种群增殖速度的密度控制理论、种群增殖速度的营养工况控制理论等作为主要理论基础,具有脱碳、脱氮、除磷效率高,总停留时间短,运行费用较低的显著优点,在罗庄区污水深度处理工程改追中得到了成功应用,出水水质达到GB18918-2002<城镇污水处理厂排放标准>一级(A)标准.     

定襄县新老城区环境空气质量变化特征研究

为了掌握定襄县环境空气质量状况,根据定襄县新、老城区监测站点2009年的SO2,NO2和可吸入颗粒物(PM10)的浓度资料,对日、月、季节变化以及年内的整体特征进行了统计分析.结果表明,日尺度上,2009年定襄县老城区的污染较严重.月变化情况则是SO2的月均浓度变化范围较大,NO2浓度变化相对平缓,PM10的波动最频繁.4个季节中,SO2浓度的季节性最明显,NO2的变化相对平稳.从2009年的整体情况来看,定襄县的SO2是首要的大气污染物,其次是PM10,NO2污染最轻.     

FRP加固震损RC柱建模方法及骨架模型研究

为研究震损RC柱采用FRP(Fiber Reinforced Polymer,FRP)加固修复后的抗震性能,本文基于OpenSees仿真平台,根据震后RC柱的表观损伤状态提出FRP加固震损RC柱的有限元模型建立方法。对FRP加固震损RC柱进行5120种工况的Pushover分析,采用三折线荷载-位移骨架曲线,研究损伤状态对骨架曲线特征点参数的影响规律,并通过数据回归分析提出FRP加固震损RC柱的骨架曲线计算模型。分析结果表明:损伤会降低FRP加固RC柱的承载力及刚度,且降低程度随损伤指数的增大而增加,两者近似成抛物线关系;在DS-5损伤状态下,相比于FRP加固完好RC柱,FRP加固震损RC柱的屈服承载力P y、峰值承载力P c、弹性刚度K 1、弹塑性刚度K 2及下降段刚度K 3的均值下降17.9%、14.5%、41.8%、43.1%和19.9%;损伤对FRP加固RC柱弹性刚度和弹塑性刚度的降低程度明显高于屈服承载力和峰值承载力;文中提出的FRP加固震损RC柱骨架曲线计算模型具有较高精度。     

上海高密度居民区合流制系统雨天溢流水质研究

城市面源污染已成为上海城区河道的主要污染源.为此,研究了上海市合流制排水区域SA雨天溢流的水质特性,并探讨了溢流水质的主要影响因素.结果表明,该区域雨天溢流COD、BOD、SS、NH₃-N、TN、TP事件平均浓度的均值分别为614mg/L、208.5 mg/L、684 mg/L、17.6 mg/L、29.8 mg/L、3.0 mg/L,远高于国外的一些研究结果;分析事件平均浓度的对数正态概率分布表明,BOD的对数正态分布性最好;此外,研究还发现COD和SS溢流浓度和前期晴天数与降雨历时的比值呈现出较高的正相关性.     

煤矿矿井水中SO2-4的去除方法研究

制备了高效SO2-4吸附剂,用其对某煤矿矿井水进行了试验,对影响吸附剂吸附效率的各因素进行了研究,结果表明:吸附剂用量1.0 g/L时,去除率达到最高,为93.5%.溶液在酸性范围内吸附剂对SO2-4去除率明显大于碱性范围.随着SO2-4浓度的增加,吸附剂的去除率逐渐降低.试验水温选择为25℃,最佳吸附时间为40 min,最佳pH为7.0.