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121.
采用海藻酸钙将g-C3N4-P25和光合细菌进行共固定,合成了光催化-微生物复合材料,并进行了降解模拟偶氮染料废水的研究.结果表明,光催化-微生物复合材料的染料(活性艳红X-3B)脱色率和COD去除率分别为94%和84.7%,远远大于固定光催化剂与固定光合细菌.利用UV-Vis、FT-IR及GC-MS对反应残留物进行表征,根据结果可推测:由光催化产生的自由基和光合细菌共同破坏X-3B的偶氮结构,生成的苯胺类化合物经过一系列的水解、氧化还原作用生成多种具有苯环结构的化合物,然后自由基破坏苯环结构产生长链烷烃,减少芳香烃化合物的累积对光合细菌活性的影响.光合细菌及时利用光催化生成的长链烷烃,产生分子量较小的物质,最后矿化为CO2和H2O. 相似文献
122.
Yulang Chi Huanteng Zhang Qiansheng Huang Yi Lin Guozhu Ye Huimin Zhu Sijun Dong 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(2):23-31
Environmental risks of organic chemicals have been greatly determined by their persistence,bioaccumulation, and toxicity(PBT) and physicochemical properties. Major regulations in different countries and regions identify chemicals according to their bioconcentration factor(BCF) and octanol–water partition coefficient(Kow), which frequently displays a substantial correlation with the sediment sorption coefficient(Koc). Half-life or degradability is crucial for the persistence evaluation of chemicals. Quantitative structure activity relationship(QSAR) estimation models are indispensable for predicting environmental fate and health effects in the absence of field-or laboratory-based data. In this study, 39 chemicals of high concern were chosen for half-life testing based on total organic carbon(TOC) degradation,and two widely accepted and highly used QSAR estimation models(i.e., EPI Suite and PBT Profiler) were adopted for environmental risk evaluation. The experimental results and estimated data, as well as the two model-based results were compared, based on the water solubility, Kow, Koc, BCF and half-life. Environmental risk assessment of the selected compounds was achieved by combining experimental data and estimation models. It was concluded that both EPI Suite and PBT Profiler were fairly accurate in measuring the physicochemical properties and degradation half-lives for water, soil, and sediment.However, the half-lives between the experimental and the estimated results were still not absolutely consistent. This suggests deficiencies of the prediction models in some ways, and the necessity to combine the experimental data and predicted results for the evaluation of environmental fate and risks of pollutants. 相似文献
123.
麻疯树胚乳愈伤组织诱导及其污染消除 总被引:14,自引:4,他引:14
经过比较分析各种消毒方法,获得了较为理想的麻疯树(Jatrophacurcas)胚乳愈伤组织,并动态观察其类型、形态特征、增殖速率和形态发生能力,为麻疯树胚乳植株再生及愈伤组织和细胞培养生产药用成分奠定了基础.以麻疯树成熟胚乳为外植体进行愈伤组织的诱导,测试0.4mg/L的分裂素(BA、KT与TDZ)与2.0mg/L的生长素(IAA、IBA、NAA与2,4D)搭配组合的诱导效果.结果表明,对胚乳愈伤诱导效果而言,2.0mg/L的2,4D效果最好,NAA的效果次之,IBA又次之,IAA的效果最差.BA和KT诱导效果差异不显著,TDZ的添加可促进胚乳愈伤组织的诱导.选择适宜的消毒剂(种类、浓度)和消毒(处理)时间对胚乳外植体的接种成功具有至关重要的作用.在本试验所采取的灭菌方式中,用70%酒精处理30s,然后用10%NaClO处理25min,灭菌效果最佳,同时对胚乳外植体的生长影响最小.图3表1参23 相似文献
124.
125.
对轮窑志烟气处理的石灰乳水溶液吸收过程和百渣的固化过程进行了理论分析,探讨了该系统的工艺条件和设施。结果表明,采用喷射鼓泡瓜器自理含氟、含烟气,氟化物平均浓度从94.7mg/m^3降至7.2mg/m^3,二氧化硫从625.5mg/m^3降至115.8mg/m^3,平均去除率氟化物为92.4%,二氧化硫为81.5%;吸收排渣可固化于主产品内而又不影响产品质量,消除了二次污染。 相似文献
126.
127.
采用不同厚度、孔数和孔径的多洞孔板作为水力空化发生装置,通过对罗丹明B溶液的空化试验,得出了空化数与雷诺数的关系。试验结果与量纲分析相吻合。 相似文献
128.
以系统降解效能和产甲烷量最大化为目标,分别考察不同有机负荷(8.93、10.71、13.39 kg·m-3·d-1)及进料频率(1、2、3次·d-1)下厨余垃圾中温厌氧消化系统运行过程中甲烷产量、SCOD、氨氮、pH和挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs)的变化,旨在明确系统负荷边界及进料频率对系统稳定性的影响.结果表明,系统的有机负荷存在最优值,系统累计产甲烷量随负荷的增加而升高,随后降低,有机负荷为10.71 kg·m-3·d-1时获得最大累计产甲烷量37.17 L,VS降解率72.58%.负荷增加系统稳定性下降甚至失稳,各物质出现积累,不利于反应的进行.增加进料频率可优化系统运行参数,显著提高系统产气和产甲烷量,进料频率较高时,运行周期内系统的甲烷产量及产率最高,分别达到45.03 L和0.738 L·g-1,呈线性增长,增加进料频率可提高系统对氨氮的耐受能力,显著提高系统稳定性,明显改善VFA和丙酸积累问题. 相似文献
129.
Ben?Ma Zheng?Zhao Huimin?Ding Yali?WenEmail author 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2018,20(4):1665-1686
Households in communities in and around nature reserves are important stakeholders in biodiversity conservation; they are the focus of the conflict between ecological protection and community development. This study surveyed 927 households in 16 giant panda reserves in Sichuan Province, China, to calculate the costs and benefits to households of biodiversity conservation, and the differences for those inside and outside reserves. A multilevel regression model was used to measure the factors influencing the costs and benefits. There are three main findings. First, the direct economic cost for average biodiversity conservation for households inside reserves (1166.83 yuan/year) is significantly higher at the 1% level than for those outside (578.27 yuan/year), while the direct economic benefit for average biodiversity conservation to households living inside reserves (3881.94 yuan/year) is not statistically different than those outside (3653.47 yuan/year). Second, the influence of biodiversity conservation on households is significantly different depending on whether they live inside or outside the reserve, regarding employment opportunities, ties with the outside world, infrastructure, and the community environment. There is also a significant difference between those inside and those outside in perceptions with regard to restrictions in the collection of wild plants and destruction of traditional culture by biodiversity conservation. Third, the factors that affect the costs for and benefits to households of biodiversity conservation include, at the household level, the head of household’s education level, village cadres, number of migrant workers, distance from the town market, reserve-based employment, development projects, and ecotourism management participation, and, at the reserve level, establishment time, level of reserve, protective effect, and location. 相似文献
130.
Chen J Zhao H Gao L Henkelmann B Schramm KW 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,144(2):510-515
Dalian is a seaside city situated in the northeastern monsoon area of China. For the first time, levels of PCDD/F and PCB congeners in pine (Cedrus deodara) needles of Dalian urban areas were investigated. Two sampling campaigns with 17 sampling points were performed in 2002. The summation of tetra- to octachlorinated PCDD/Fs and summation of 209 PCB congeners in Dalian pine needles averaged 127+/-40 ng/kg (dry) and 4389+/-1575 ng/kg (dry), respectively. Average toxic equivalence (TEQ) for PCDD/Fs and PCBs are 2.1 and 0.4 ng/kg (dry), respectively. The pine needles can differentiate spatial variation of the pollutants. The PCDD/F and PCB levels in Dalian pine needles are low or comparable with other international regions that were not impacted by evident point sources. The data can serve as a base for long-term spatial and temporal studies of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in China. 相似文献