Degradation of chelating agents in aqueous solution using advanced oxidation process (AOP)

This article presents an overview with critical analysis of technical applicability of advanced oxidation process (AOP) in removing chelating agents from aqueous solution. Apart from the effect of metals for chelating agents as a major influencing factor, selected information such as pH, oxidant’s dose, concentrations of pollutants and treatment performance is presented. The performance of individual AOP is compared. It is evident from our literature survey that photocatalysis with UV irradiation alone or coupled with TiO₂, ozonation and Fenton’s oxidation are frequently applied to mineralize target pollutants. Overall, the selection of the most suitable AOP depends on the characteristics of effluents, technical applicability, discharge standard, regulatory requirements and environmental impacts.     

东方香蒲(Typha orientalis Presl)对铅的富集特征及其EDTA效应分析

通过野外调查和水培试验，研究了生长在永州铅锌铜尾矿上的优势植物东方香蒲（Typha orientalis Presl）对铅的富集特征及EDTA对其吸收和运输铅的影响。野外调查表明，东方香蒲对铅有很强的富集作用，其地上部分铅平均质量分数为619mg／kg，地下部分铅平均质量分数为1233mg／kg。营养液培养试验进一步证实了它的强富集能力，其地上和地下部分的铅质量分数都远远超过了超富集定义的参考值（1000mg／kg）。分析结果表明，东方香蒲是一种新的铅富集型植物，EDTA的加入不仅增加了植株对铅的吸收量，而且增大了铅在植株体内的转运系数。同时，铅对植株的毒害症状也得到缓解。     

有机配位剂对重金属絮凝剂DTSPAM去除水中Cd2+性能的影响

以聚丙烯酰胺、甲醛、亚硫酸氢钠、二硫化碳、氢氧化钠为原料,制备出新型重金属絮凝剂二硫代羧基化磺甲基聚丙烯酰胺（DTSPAM）,考察了3种常见有机配位剂EDTA、焦磷酸钠、柠檬酸钠对DTSPAM除Cd²⁺性能的影响.实验结果表明,在单一含Cd²⁺水样中,pH值为3.0~6.0时DTSPAM对Cd²⁺均有较好的去除性能;在不同EDTA浓度、不同pH值下的混合水样中,EDTA对DTSPAM除Cd²⁺均呈抑制作用;水样pH值为5.0、6.0时,焦磷酸钠、柠檬酸钠对DTSPAM除Cd²⁺均表现出促进作用,而pH值为2.0~4.0时,焦磷酸钠、柠檬酸钠对DTSPAM除Cd²⁺均呈抑制作用.     

NTA与EDTA联合施用对茼蒿富集土壤重金属的影响

为了解非生物螯合剂EDTA与生物螯合剂NTA协同施用对土壤重金属污染修复的效果,采用盆栽方法,研究不同配比螯合物EDTA和NTA施用下,茼蒿对土壤重金属(Pb、Cu和Cd)富集的程度;同时评估了螯合物对茼蒿叶绿素、维生素C含量以及土壤营养元素流失程度的影响。结果表明:处理(EDTA/NTA=2∶1)时,茼蒿根部重金属Pb、Cd含量均最高。处理(EDTA/NTA=1∶1)时,显著促进茼蒿植株对重金属Cu吸收和地上部转运,螯合剂用量最少,协同作用最好。不同配比的螯合剂处理均对茼蒿产生抑制作用,同时降低茼蒿生理指标叶绿素、维生素C含量。在处理(EDTA=1),叶绿素SPAD、维生素C含量分别达到最低值36 mg/100 g和38 mg/100 g。对于淋滤液中营养元素TN而言,处理(NTA=1、EDTA/NTA=1∶2)中TN随着时间推移逐渐减少,第十天均显著低于第一天淋滤液中浓度(p<0.05);第十五天TN流失量在处理(NTA=1)下降最多,达到51.6%,活化效果显著下降。淋滤液中营养元素TP,螯合剂活化效果高低依次为:处理(EDTA/NTA=1∶1)>处理(EDTA=1)>处理(EDTA/NTA=2∶1)>处理(EDTA/NTA=1∶2)>处理(NTA=1)。结合茼蒿生理指标、重金属提取效果以及氮磷流失量,推荐最佳的螯合剂施用配比为处理(EDTA/NTA=2∶1)。     

Heavy metal accumulation of urban domestic rubbish compost in turfgrass by EDTA chelating

Seven kinds of heavy metal accumulation of rubbish compost in turfgrass by EDTA chelating were investigated. With EDTA application, heavy metal accumulation by two species of turfgrass was increased significantly. The enrichment coefficients of Lolium perenne L（L） and Festuca arundinacea L（F） to Cr reached 9.4.5 and 6.15 respectively. In the range of EDTA dosages given, heavy metal accumulation in turfgrass increased with increasing EDTA level. There were significant differences in remediation of different metals by applying EDTA. L had high ability to accumulate Cr, Cd, Ni and Zn, showing better remediation to heavy metals of rubbish compost. In contrast, F showed high ability to accumulate Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn. Low EDTA level increased aboveground net primary production （ANP） of turfgrass, but EDTA would considerably inhibit it when EDTA was higher than 20 mmol/kg. The results demonstrated that the optimum dosage of EDTA for remediating heavy metals in rubbish compost by turfgrass was between 10 mmol/kg and 20 mmol/kg.     

以炼铝灰渣为原料制备絮凝剂及其应用

通过正交实验确定:10g一次铝灰渣和100mL浓度为4mol/L的盐酸在100℃搅拌浸取(转速为140r/min)2h,具有最佳的溶出效果,对制备的絮凝剂进行pH值调节可使之达到最佳的污水处理效果.     

Copper biosorption on immobilized seaweed biomass： Column breakthrough characteristics

The biosorption of copper by the brown seaweed Sargassum baccularia,immobilized onto polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)gel beads, was investigated with fixed-bed experiments.Laboratory-scale column tests were performed to determine breakthrough curves with varying flow rates and feed concentrations.A theoretical fixed-bed model,known as the Bohart-Adams equation,was evaluated in simulating the experimental breakthrough curves.The Bohart-Adams model qualitatively predicted the breakthrough trends.PVA- immobilized seaweed biomass beads were amenable to efficient regeneration with aqueous solution containing the chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA).The biosorbent retained most of its original uptake capacity over three cycles of use.The excellent reusability of the biosorbent could lead to the development of a viable metal remediation technology.     

Trace elements in wild grasses: a phytoavailability study on a remediated field

There have been significant efforts to establish a widely usable method for the prediction of trace element bioavailability in soil. In this work, we used extraction with 0.01 M CaCl₂ and 0.05 M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) to estimate bioavailable concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in a soil moderately contaminated with trace elements 1 and 2 years after the application of three amendments. The experiment took place in a field plot of a soil affected by the toxic spill of the Aznalcóllar mine. Four treatments were established: three with amendments (biosolid compost, sugar beet lime, and a combination of leonardite plus sugar beet lime) and a control without amendment. Trace element concentrations of two representative species in each year (Lamarckia aurea and Poa annua in 2004 and Lamarckia aurea and Bromus rubens in 2005) were analyzed. The results showed a positive effect of the amendments both on soil and vegetation. Trace element concentrations in plants growing in the amended subplots were lower than those in plants from nonamended subplots. As a rule, concentrations of CaCl₂-soluble Cd, Cu, and Zn in soil were positively correlated with trace elements in plants, whereas EDTA extraction was scarcely correlated with plant concentration. For species of grasses, especially L. aurea, CaCl₂ seems to be a more suitable extractant to predict trace element bioavailability in this contaminated soil.     

EDTA对4种花卉富集Cd、Pb的效应

植物提取修复技术(Phytoremediation)是一种环境友好的重金属污染土壤原位修复技术,但是修复植物的提取效率经常受到目标金属的低植物有效性所限制。通过盆栽试验研究了乙二胺四乙酸(ethylenedi-aminetetraacetic acid,EDTA)对4种花卉富集Cd、Pb效应的影响。结果表明:施加EDTA溶液(3mmol/kg)7d后,矮牵牛、万寿菊、彩叶草叶部Cd含量显著增加(P<0.05);所选4种花卉叶部Pb的含量均极显著增高(p<0.01)。施加EDTA后万寿菊对Cd和孔雀草对Pb的富集系数和转移系数均达到了1以上,这表明这两种植物可用于螯合辅助植物提取方式的污染土壤修复。     

EDTA对微电解体系降解对硝基酚的影响

考察了EDTA对微电解体系降解对硝基酚的影响及作用机制,结果表明,EDTA能够提高微电解处理对硝基酚的效果;单因素试验法确定了微电解/EDTA体系处理1000mg·l~(-1)对硝基酚的最佳条件:铁屑量120g·l~(-1),碳量20g·l~(-1),pH值为3,EDTA浓度1mmol·l~(-1).在此条件反应60min,对硝基酚去除率为89.7%,而常规微电解在最佳条件下对硝基酚的去除率仅为53.8%.值得关注的是EDTA不仅提高了对硝基酚的去除率,而且拓宽了微电解体系对pH值的适应范围,在中性条件下微电解/EDTA体系对硝基酚的去除率达到了63.5%,而相同条件下传统微电解法仅为19.5%.同时,通过对降解产物的鉴定,分析了对硝基酚在微电解/EDTA体系的降解途径.