改进取样方法提高含油废水中CODcr值的准确度

化学需氧量(CODcr)和石油类都是中国实施水污染物排放总量控制指标,也是环境监测的常测项目.CODcr是反映水体中受还原性物质主要是有机物污染程度的综合性指标.矿物油和动、植物油统称为油类,是废水中常见的有机污染物,对CODcr的贡献较大.探索水体中CODcr值与油类物质含量之间的相关性,对CODcr值准确性的判断有一定指导意义.改进含油废水的取样方法,有利于提高CODcr测定值的准确性和代表性.     

废电池污染危害及防治对策浅析

本在分析了度电池对土壤、水体、动植物、人体的危害基础上提出了对其污染的防治对策。     

Controlled-release fertilizer(CRF):A green fertilizer for controlling non-point contamination in agriculture

Fertilizers contribute greatly to high yields but also result in environmental non-point contamination, including the emission of greenhouse gas(N2O) and eutrophication of water bodies. How to solve this problem has become a serious challenge, especially for China as its high ecological pressure. Controlled-release fertilizer(CRF) has been developed to minimize the contamination while keeping high yield and has become a green fertilizer for agriculture. Several CRFs made with special coating technology were used for testing the fertilizer effects in yield and environment through pot experiment and field trial. The result indicated that the CRFs had higher N use efficiency, thus reducing N loss through leaching and volatilization while keeping higher yields. Comparing with imported standard CRFs,the test on CRFs showed similar fertilizer effect but with much lower cost. CRFs application is becoming a new approach for minimizing non-point contamination in agriculture.     

红壤中结合态磷在酸化条件下的变化及其相互关系

以浙江沿海地区的红壤为研究对象，通过浸滤过程，研究了在酸化条件下，红壤中可溶笥结合态磷的变化和它们之间的相关关系，结果显示，红壤中可溶性Fe-P比Ca－P、Al－P对酸度的变化更为敏感；当红壤中可溶性磷的原始含量较高时，随酸度的增强从固相中释出的趋势更明显；在酸化过程中、红壤中不同可溶性结合态磷之间呈现出不同的相关关系，这归因子它们对酸化敏感性的差异。     

衡水湖东湖底质监测调查

本通过对衡水湖东湖底质调查，查明底质主要污染物含量及其对水体的潜在危险。为当地引、蓄水工程提供科学依据。     

排放系数法估算污染物排放总量

掌握污染物总量动态变化情况，采用排放系统法进行估算是有效的方法。利用１９９５年上海乡镇工业污染调查数据对排放系数进行验证，说明应如何选用排放系数。     

建立和完善我国环境保护税收制度的构想

我国采取的与环境保护有关的税费政策 实行排污收费制度 排污收费制度是一项重要的环境管理制度．在我国经历了试行、实施和不断完善与发展的过程。按照“污染者付费”原则．我国从1982年开始实行排污收费制度，2003年又进行了重大改革，颁布了《排污费征收使用管理条例》．规定向大气、海洋、水体排放污染物的应按照排放污染物的种类、数量缴纳排污费．其中向水体排放污染物超过国家或者地方规定的排放标准的．要加倍缴纳排污费，对固体废弃物以及超标排放的噪声也要缴纳排污费。