活性污泥系统生物场-水力场-温度场耦合模型(FCASM3-Hydro-Temp)Ⅱ:模型校验

以采用AAO工艺的德清县狮山污水处理厂作为生物场-水力场-温度场耦合模型校验的现场试验基地.针对AAO工艺的特点,按照物料平衡原理分别对厌氧池、缺氧池、好氧池等各反应池内物质变化关系进行数学表征,建立了AAO工艺生物场-水力场-温度场耦合模型(FCASM3-Hydro-Temp)以及生物场-水力场耦合模型(FCASM3-Hydro).以若丹明B作为示踪剂于该厂进行了现场示踪实验,测得厌氧池、缺氧池和好氧池的水力弥散系数.依据试验所得数据,实现了对FCASM3-Hydro耦合模型以及FCASM3一Hydro-Temp耦合模型的现场模拟校验.校验结果表明,FCASM3-Hydre-Temp耦合模型能够实现活性污泥系统污染物质生物去除与水力场和温度场耦合变化过程的动态模拟.     

飞行器防空间静电放电设计和试验技术

结合某飞行器的特点,以及产品在轨飞行期间遭遇的空间静电放电(SESD)环境,研究了在没有可借鉴的条件下,如何通过分析提出大型天线及本体的空间静电放电防护设计目标,根据产品实际情况设计了分段实施的措施,运用等效理念设计了试验子样和测试方案,策划了设计元器件、原材料、天线系统、飞行器等不同层面的试验验证技术和方法.     

京津冀内陆平原区PM2.5浓度时空变化定量模拟

近年来我国京津冀地区霾污染日趋严重,为揭示该地区PM_2.5时空变化特征,以京津冀内陆平原为研究区,以MODIS AOD数据作为主要预测因子,采用混合效应模型建立研究区2013~2014年AOD-PM_2.5逐日变化的关系模型.利用十折交叉验证法对模型拟合进行验证.结果表明,采用混合效应模型对AOD-PM_2.5进行时间上的校准能够提高二者间的相关性,模型拟合的PM_2.5质量浓度与地面实测值间的R²为0.78,经过交叉验证后R²为0.70,RMSE、RPE分别为20.80 μg·m^-3、28.76%.针对研究区冬季AOD有效值非随机性缺失带来的采样偏差,用校正因子对模型预测的2013~2014年间PM_2.5平均浓度进行校正,结果表明研究区内PM_2.5平均浓度均高于75 μg·m^-3,南部和西部地区的PM_2.5浓度相对较高,北部和东部地区PM_2.5浓度相对较低,呈现出"南高北低、西高东低"的分布趋势.研究结果表明混合效应模型能够适用于近地面PM_2.5监测,也为该区域大气颗粒物污染治理提供了科学依据.     

固体发动机药柱应力应变仿真与试验验证研究

目的研究某导弹固体发动机药柱在不同环境温度下的性能演变规律。方法利用ABAQUS有限元分析软件,仿真计算了药柱在-40,20,50℃下的应力应变情况,在此基础上通过推进剂拉伸应力松弛试验对仿真结果进行验证分析。结果最大应力应变发生在头部人工脱粘层的根部,药柱内部沿径向越靠近内孔表面,应力应变的数值越大,沿药柱的轴向,内孔表面的最大应力应变发生在靠近药柱中间位置。结论线粘弹性本构关系模型在较低应变水平下可以很好地模拟出推进剂的力学行为,当应变水平在14.3%以下时,试验和仿真的相对误差能控制在10%以内。     

Modeling the ETEX plume dispersion with the Canadian emergency response model

The CANadian Emergency Response Model (CANERM) was used to simulate the dispersion resulting from the ETEX release of 23 October 1994. Dispersion simulations were done using three different data sets as meteorological input: the ECMWF/ETEX Data Set, data from the CMC Global Data Assimilation System, and results from a diagnostic execution of the Global Environmental Multiscale (GEM) model. Comparisons of the dispersion simulations are made with observed surface concentration data provided by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission. It is found that CANERM can simulate fairly well the main features of the cloud dispersion. The spatial and temporal evolution of the simulated cloud appear quite plausible, but a tendency to overestimate surface concentrations is apparent. The simulations provide a credible explanation for the two peaks observed at station NL01; the first peak appears to be associated with the passage of the head portion of the plume, while the second seems to be associated with the tail part. Verification scores indicate that the simulations using the ECMWF/ETEX data set and CMC global data are of equivalent quality. However, the simulations obtained using the GEM diagnostic fields are significantly better.     

Bulgarian emergency response models–validation against ETEX first release

In the paper, the performance of two Bulgarian dispersion models is tested against European Tracer Experiment (ETEX) first release data base. The first one is the LED puff model which was the core of the Bulgarian Emergency Response System during all releases of ETEX. The second one is the newly created Eulerian dispersion model EMAP. These models have two important features: they are PC-oriented and they use quite a limited amount of input meteorological information. First, a number of runs with various source configurations are made on meteorological data produced by ECMWF. The aim of these runs is to verify the models’ ability to simulate reliably ETEX first release. To this end, a set of statistical criteria selected in ATMES (Atmospheric Transport Models Evaluation Study, see Klug et al., 1992 are used. The best runs for both models are obtained when the source is presented as a column towering from the ground to heights of 400–700 m. These runs took part in the second phase of ETEX (ETEX-II), the so called ATMES-type exercise where EMAP ranked ninth and LED - fourteenth among 34 models. Here, additional sets of EMAP are presented where in the first run the value of the horizontal diffusion coefficient is varied and in the other runs different meteorological data sets are tested. The results obtained from the first run show that the values of K_h=4–6×10⁴ m² s^-1 produce fields which fit experimental data best. The other sets of runs show that the higher the frequency of the meteorological data, the better the simulation. The results can be improved by linear interpolation of the meteorological parameters with time, the best fitting obtained with interpolation at each time step.     

监测分析方法验证数据异常值的处理

以《固体废物痕量金属元素的测定电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法》编制说明(征求意见稿)中精密度数据为例,方法标准编制单位在处理方法验证数据时,应按照《GB/T 6379.2—2004》离群值剔除方法处理异常数据,避免重复性限r和再现性限R计算错误。