地表水体放线菌分离鉴定与致嗅能力研究

原水中的嗅味是饮用水中嗅味的主要来源之一.从中国南方地区某水库中分离纯化放线菌并进行菌种鉴定及产致嗅物质2-甲基异莰醇(2-MIB)和土臭素(GSM)能力研究.使用膜滤法和高氏一号培养基分离纯化水体中的放线菌.结合菌落菌丝形态特征、碳源利用、菌株生理生化特征及16S rRNA同源性序列分析对从该水库中分离纯化的40株放线菌进行菌种鉴定,结果表明有38株链霉菌、1株气微菌和1株假诺卡氏菌.分别使用高氏一号液体培养基和水库水体对这40株放线菌进行摇床发酵,结合顶空固相微萃取(SPME)和气质联用(GC-MS)方法检测发酵液中致嗅物质2-MIB和GSM含量,发现不同放线菌甚至链霉菌属内不同菌种产生致嗅物质的能力不同,且相差较大.放线菌在液体培养基中产致嗅物质2-MIB和GSM能力并不完全代表在水库中对水体2-MIB和GSM的贡献大小.     

放射源实时在线监控系统

本文主要介绍了如何通过GPS定位、GSM基站定位、辐射剂量测定、射频标签等手段结合上位机软件平台对企事业单位的放射源进行实时监控。为企事业管理放射源,防止放射源被盗和环保部门集中监管放射源提供了极大的帮助。     

枯草芽孢杆菌对土臭素和2-甲基异冰片的降解动力学特性

土臭素(geosmin,GSM)和2-甲基异冰片(2-methylisoborneol,2-MIB)是2种普遍存在于养殖水体中的土腥异味化合物,微生物降解是去除这两种物质的有效途径.本文研究了枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)降解GSM和2-MIB的动力学特性.结果表明,枯草芽孢杆菌对GSM(1 000~2 000 ng·L-1)和2-MIB(1 000~2 000 ng·L-1)具有较好的降解性能,降解率均达90%以上;枯草芽孢杆菌对这些异味化合物的降解符合伪一级反应动力学,其生物降解速率常数(K)范围为0.14~0.41,降解速率不随GSM和MIB初始浓度的变化而变化;枯草芽孢杆菌对GSM降解的最大比生长速率umax为0.311,Monod常数KS为1.73,而在降解MIB过程中枯草芽孢杆菌的生长不符合Monod方程(R2=0.781).     

饮用水中嗅味物质-土臭素和二甲基异冰片去除技术

本文介绍了引起饮用水臭味的痕量污染物土臭素（geosmin，GSM）和二甲基异冰片（2-methylisoborneol，MIB）的来源和危害，分析了吸附、臭氧氧化、光催化氧化、生物氧化等工艺对它们的去除效果。针对原水中不同种类和不同浓度的嗅味物质，应采取不同的处理工艺，达到良好的处理效果，满足居民对水质的要求。     

An investigation of the effects from the user’s hand and head over received level and adaptive power control of a GSM mobile phone in typical operating environment

Current evolution of wireless personal communications has necessitated a comprehensive understanding of electromagnetic interactions between handset antennas and nearby human body. In this work the handset–human body interactions were evaluated in various configurations (with and without user’s hand; with and without user’s head, and combinations of them) in order to obtain statistical averages of the overall performance for system link evaluations. The measurements were performed using the random-field measurement (RFM) method, and thus the acquisition of large amounts of data about human–mobile phone interactions in typical operating environment with measured the received RF signal strength (RXLEV), and the output power level (TXLEV) on mobile station. The RXLEV and the TXLEV was measured over the air interface in the networks on two Bulgarian GSM mobile operators (Mtel and Vivatel). Both uplink and downlink measurements were performed in urban area in three cities. Each measurements were carried out in a building included both line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight propagation of the electromagnetic waves between mobile station and base station. The results showed that the user’s hand and head induces more significant changes on the received RF signal strength in case when broadcast control channel (BCCH) levels are up to −60 dBm. Also the alterations of receiving RF signal strength and output power level of the MS are influence stronger from the larger size of the hand and head of user. The influence from presence of the head and hand of the subscriber in talk position over the alteration of the receiving RF signal strength is in boundaries from 14.21 dBm to 19.1 dBm (man) and from 8.5 dBm to 12.05 dBm (woman). The presence of the user’s hand and head increased the output power level of mobile station with 12 dBm to 14 dBm (man) and with 10 dBm to 12 dBm (woman) compare to output power level without user’s hand and head.     

GSM移动通信基站对周围环境电磁辐射影响

按照《辐射环境保护管理导则—电磁辐射环境影响评价方法与标准》(HJ/T10.3—1996)的有关规定,GSM移动通信基站电场强度的管理目标值为5.4 V/m,功率密度的管理目标值为8μW/cm2。在根据麦克斯韦电磁场理论确定远场区范围,结合基站天线运行的基本参数,以及在对垂直波瓣图进行拟合的基础上,通过《辐射环境保护管理导则——电磁辐射监测仪器和方法》(HJ/T 10.2-1996)中的微波远场轴向功率密度计算公式计算GSM移动通信基站对周围环境的辐射水平进行预测。预测结果表明,基站周围的电磁辐射水平与天线的发射功率、公众活动区域与天线的高度差以及天线的主瓣方向关系密切。实际应用中可以通过减小发射功率,增加天线与公众活动区域的高度差以及调整天线的主瓣方向等措施来降低其对周围环境的影响,并通过制定有效的监测、管理计划和加强公众沟通,及时消除可能的电磁污染。     

GPS车辆行驶记录定位监控信息管理系统

利用GPS,GIS和GSM等技术,试验开发"GPS车辆行驶记录定位监控信息管理系统"。该系统由GPS定位系统、GPRS/CDMA移动通讯网络、Internet、监控中心组成。对装有车载终端的车辆进行行驶状态的数据采集,通过处理存储到数据库中,为管理人员查阅分析车辆当前状态提供数据。应用信息管理系统后,管理人员能及时了解掌握车辆的方位和状况,提高了生产和安全管理的效率,杜绝了跑私车、绕路行车等现象,有着较好的经济效益。由于信息系统的全天候、全方位监控车辆功能,为应对车辆行驶的安全突发事件的救助和决策提供了有效的手段,具有较好的安全运行效率、社会效益以及广泛的推广应用前景。     

超声活化过硫酸盐降解水中典型嗅味

为有效解决饮用水嗅味污染问题,选取水中典型致嗅物质二甲基异莰醇（2-MIB）和土臭素（GSM）作为目标污染物,系统研究了超声（US）活化过硫酸盐（PS）高级氧化技术对两种致嗅物质的降解规律及其影响因素.结果表明,在15 min内超声/过硫酸盐联用工艺能有效去除水中典型嗅味,与单独超声处理相比,2-MIB和GSM的去除率分别可提高57.0%和63.6%;2-MIB与GSM浓度在100~800 ng·L^-1范围内US/PS联用工艺均有较高的去除率,且在100 ng·L^-1时降解效果最佳,去除率分别可达88.7%和93.3%;典型致嗅物质的降解速率随PS浓度（0.25~2mmol·L^-1）和US声强（0.33~0.53 W·cm^-2）的增加而加快;水体中腐殖酸存在会竞争消耗自由基使嗅味降解受到抑制但影响效果不显著;在反应体系中分别加入甲醇与叔丁醇（自由基清除剂）后,2-MIB与GSM去除率明显下降,且甲醇对嗅味降解抑制程度强于叔丁醇,表明US/PS高级氧化技术对嗅味快速的降解主要是硫酸根自由基与羟基自由基共同作用的结果.     

GIM（1）灰色模型预测环保投资趋势的可行性探析

环保投资作为环保系统的一个子系统，并不一定具有指数函数规律。本文利用ＧＩＭ（１）灰色模型，探析了它在环保投资趋势预测应用中的可行性。初步应用表明，在序列不完全满足光滑化条件时，ＧＩＭ（１）灰色模型对系统变量的“白化”能力较ＧＭ（１，１）强，而与ＧＳＭ（１）灰色模型相当，信息利用率高，是分析、预测环保投资动态发展趋势一条切实可行的途径。     

GENERALIZED SKEW COEFFICIENTS OF ANNUAL FLOODS FOR LOUISIANA STREAMS1

ABSTRACT: A generalized skew map for Louisiana streams was developed using data from Louisiana, Mississippi, Arkansas, and Texas with 20 or more years of annual flood records. A comparison between the newly developed Louisiana Generalized Skew Map (LGSM) and the generalized skew map recommended by the U.S. Water Resources Council (WRCGSM) was performed. The mean square error for the LGSM was 16 percent less than that of WRCGSM in direct application of the two maps. Performance of the new map was compared with the WRCGSM and with a regional analysis procedure through its application to the Log Pearson Type 3 (LP3) distribution. Two-thirds of the stations tested had lower standardized root mean square deviations (SRMSD) by a narrow margin using the skew coefficients obtained from LGSM instead of WRCGSM. The regional analysis also performed as well as the LGSM in terms of SRMSD. Thus, it was concluded that both LGSM and the regional analysis provide a more reliable tool for flood frequency analysis for Louisiana streams with short annual flood records.