贵阳市春、冬季大气颗粒物中铂族元素的污染特征

本文在贵阳市市中心区和郊区设置两个采样点位,采集春季和冬季PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)样品,在封闭溶样装置中采用HF和王水消解,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定颗粒物中铂族元素的含量,研究了大气颗粒物中铂族元素的污染特征。结果表明,市中心区样品中铂族元素的浓度大于郊区,其含量与交通密度有关;与Pt和Rh相比,颗粒物中Pd的浓度更高,Pd具有较大的溶解性,可能会给人类健康带来更严重的危害;颗粒物中铂族元素的浓度呈现季节性变化,冬季大于春季。与国外其他城市相比,贵阳市大气颗粒物中铂族元素的污染程度较低,但这种潜在的重金属污染应引起重视。     

ICP-MS法测定环境空气TSP中铬镍铜的不确定度评定研究

对电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定环境空气TSP中铬、镍、铜的过程中可能引入的不确定度分量,包括样品采集体积、样品消解、定容体积、标准溶液配制、标准曲线拟合、重复测定等进行分析和评定,并得出扩展不确定度.结果显示,对于铬、镍、铜,样品消解和曲线拟合引入的不确定度最大,其次是重复测定和孔口流量校准器的流量校准,采样器重复性和消解定容的不确定度最小.为ICP-MS法测量环境空气TSP重金属元素的质量控制和不确定度评定提供参考依据.     

Dental clinics: a point pollution source, not only of mercury but also of other amalgam constituents

Current literature suggests that amalgam waste from dental clinics is a point-source of mercury pollution in the environment. However, apart from mercury, other amalgam constituents (e.g. Ag, Sn, Cu, and Zn) in dental clinics’ wastewater have not been reported in the literature before. The objective of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of mercury and other metals in the wastewater of some dental clinics and the influent of a wastewater treatment plant in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah (KSA). Samples were collected over a 2-month period from three dental clinics and analyzed for metals using ICP-MS. The mean concentrations of Hg, Ag, Sn, Cu, and Zn in the samples were 5.3 ± 11.1, 0.49 ± 0.96, 3.0 ± 10.7, 10.0 ± 14.5, and 76.7 ± 106 mg L⁻¹, respectively. Additionally, high concentrations of other metals such as Mg (14.4 ± 15.2 mg L⁻¹), Mn (3.0 ± 4.6 mg L⁻¹), Fe (3.0 ± 4.5 mg L⁻¹), Sr (1.6 ± 2.4 mg L⁻¹), and Ba (6.9 ± 10.3 mg L⁻¹) were also found. These values are much higher than the local permissible limits. Most of the metals of interest were also detected in the influent of the wastewater treatment plant. This renders dental clinics wastewater a hazardous waste which should be properly treated before it is discharged into the environment.     

微波消解ICP-MS法测定宣威和富源土壤中的微量元素

建立了微波消解-ICP-MS法测定土壤中32种微量元素的方法。采用氢氟酸-硝酸-过氧化氢体系微波消解,稀释定容后用ICP-MS对溶液进行元素的测定,在优化仪器工作参数后,以双内标铑(Rh)和铼(Re)进行校正。元素检出限为0.01～0.45ng/ml,测定国家标准物质西藏土壤成分分析标准物质GBW 08302中的元素,测定值与标准值或参考值基本一致,用该法测定云南宣威和富源两地24份土壤样品结果表明,该方法快速、简便、准确,适于土壤中多种微量元素的测定。     

ICP-MS法直接进样分析食用油中的铅、砷、锰、镉、铬、铜等元素

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)仪直接进样测定了食用油中铅、砷、锰、镉、铬、铜等元素的含量.该方法对食用油中各元素的定量限分别为Pb 0.15μg.L-1,As 0.07μg.L-1,Mn 0.06μg.L-1,Cd 0.03μg.L-1,Cr 3.5μg.L-1,Cu 0.11μg.L-1.根据所建立的方法,分析了市售的食用油样品,用加标回收的方法评价了该方法的准确性,回收率为98.22%—108.1%,结果令人满意.     

Determination of total content and isotopic compositions of plutonium and uranium in environmental samples for safeguards purposes by ICP-QMS

The aim of this work was to determine the concentrations and isotopic compositions of plutonium and uranium in environmental samples for safeguards purposes. An analytical method was developed with a plutonium and uranium separation procedure based on extraction chromatography (using 2 mL TEVA and UTEVA columns) and detection with a quadrupole ICP-MS applying an ultra-sonic nebulizer coupled with a membrane desolvation system. Starting from blank swipes, the background equivalent concentration (BEC) was 8 fg for ²³⁹Pu and 1 ng ²³⁸U. The method was successfully applied to certified reference materials as well as to round robin samples obtained in the framework of the inter-laboratory exercise program, promoted by the Brazilian–Argentine Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials (ABACC), together with the US Department of Energy (USDOE). After the introduction of an additional ion-exchange separation step, the methodology was applied to the IAEA-384 sediment reference sample with precise and accurate total plutonium and uranium, ²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu, ²⁴¹Pu/²³⁹Pu, ²³⁴U/²³⁸U and ²³⁵U/²³⁸U atomic ratio results.     

ICP－MS在大气颗粒物重金属分析中的应用研究

针对ICP－MS技术的使用特点及在大气颗粒物中重金属分析优势,对近年来中外学者在大气颗粒物重金属分析领域的应用进行了综述。主要从价态分析、样品采集过程中滤膜的选择、前处理时消解方式的选择、在ICP－MS的分析过程中,内标元素的选择及如何去除干扰的等五个方面作出了分析和阐述。     

上海市大气气溶胶中铅污染的综合研究

采用质子激发X荧光分析(PIXE)、质子微探针、电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)和扩展X-射线吸收精细结构谱(EXAFS)等分析手段研究上海市大气气溶胶PM₁₀中铅的浓度、化学种态和铅的源解析.研究发现2002年冬天和2003年上海地区大气气溶胶PM₁₀中铅的平均浓度分别为369ng/m³和224ng/m³,铅的化学种态主要是PbCl₂、PbSO₄和PbO,燃煤烟尘、钢铁烟尘和汽车尾气是主要排放源,它们对气溶胶中铅的贡献率分别为50%、35%和15%.     

环境中长寿核素的ICP-MS测量研究及进展

本文综述了ICP-MS用于环境样品中U,Np和Pu的放射性长寿命核素测定的各项相关技术以及近年来一些重要的研究和进展状况,同时对技术难点——干扰效应进行了讨论.     

Chemometric approach to evaluate element distribution in muscle,liver and fish bone of roach (Rutilus rutilus), silver bream (Blicca bjoerkna) and crucian carp (Carassius carassius) from Swarzędzkie Lake (Poland) using ICP-MS and FIAS-CVAAS techniques

The content of elements in fish tissues and organs from Swarz?dzkie Lake was investigated in order to evaluate the possible risk associated with their consumption by animals as well as humans. Samples of muscle, liver and fish bone of three fish species; roach (Rutilus rutilus), silver bream (Blicca bjoerkna) and crucian carp (Carassius carassius) were collected from seine catches undertaken as part of the biomanipulation of Swarz?dzkie Lake. Element concentration (Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn) was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), with the exception of Hg where the flow injection analysis system cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry (FIAS-CVAAS) was applied. The study indicated a large variation in the occurrence of the investigated elements in different parts of the fish body. The highest content of Al and Zn was stated in all fish organs for each fish species. The majority of the applied statistical and chemometric methods (e.g., PCA, CA) refer to roach since we had a large number of data for this species. The obtained results were assessed in terms of their accuracy and precision using certified reference material of Fish Muscle ERM BB422.