金属离子对菌株JY01生长和苯酚降解性能的影响研究

金属可能通过生理和生态两方面对微生物的苯酚降解过程产生重要影响.为了提高芽孢杆菌Bacillus sp.JY01(以下称菌株JY01)的苯酚降解效率,探讨了6种金属离子(Ba2+、Cu2+、Co2+、Fe3、Zn2+、pb2+)对其生长和苯酚降解性能的影响.结果表明,在质量分数为0.001％～0.050％时,Cu2+、Zn2+、Co2、Fe3+、Ba2+、pb2+对菌株JY01的生长和苯酚降解均有抑制作用,并且抑制作用总体随金属离子浓度的升高而增强,当6种金属的质量分数分别达到0.005％时,菌株JY01对苯酚的降解能力为Ba2+ ＜Cu2+ ＜Co2+ ＜Fe3+ ＜Zn2+ ＜pb2+；金属离子通过影响菌株JY01的生长状况来影响其苯酚降解性能；很多金属离子对菌株JY01生长有明显抑制作用,因此在实际生物处理含苯酚废水时,要考虑废水中金属离子对降解菌生长状况的影响.     

应用雷达回波综合判别法进行冰雹灾害预测的研究

探讨了应用雷达探测资料，综合判别冰雹云的3种方法。并以多次应用实例对该法的可行性进行了检验．实践证明，该法在消雹防灾中收到了良好的效果。     

谢桥采煤塌陷水域氮、磷时空分布特征

选取具有代表性的谢桥塌陷水域为研究对象,分别于2011年8月和10月进行现场采样,分析研究了不同形态氮、磷空间分布特点及不同季节的分布规律.结果表明,在空间分布上,靠近农田的塌陷水域水体中氮、磷的含量高.从季节变化上,塌陷水域各监测点的总氮(TN)含量秋季高,夏季低,季节性差异较为明显;氨氮(NH4+-N)秋季含量明显高于夏季,且整体波动性大;塌陷水域中总磷(TP)的含量差异性及波动性不显著.     

Application of canonical correspondence analysis to determine the ecological contribution of phytoplankton to PCBs bioaccumulation in Qinhuai River,Nanjing, China

The distribution and interactions of phytoplankton and 14 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were investigated using canonical correspondence analysis in autumn in the Qinhuai River, Nanjing, China. Concentrations of PCBs in water and algal samples ranged from 33.78 to 144.84 ng/L and from 0.21 to 19.66 ng/L (0.06 to 3.04 ng/mg biomass), respectively. The predominant residual species of PCBs in water samples were tri- through hexachlorobiphenyls, and the predominant residuals in algae were tri-, tetra-, and heptachlorobiphenyls. The degree of eutrophication affected phytoplankton composition and PCB bioaccumulation, and led to sample site- and algal species specificity of PCB residues in the study area. Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, and Euglenophyta had strong capacities to take up PCBs, whereas Cyanophyta was less involved in the transfer of these compounds. Bioaccumulation of PCBs by algae may be affected by water quality, chlorination, phytoplankton composition, and the structure of the PCBs and the algal cell walls.     

Optimization of extractants, purifying packings, and eluents for analytical extraction of organochlorine pesticides in Hydragric Acrisols

In this study, we screened for an economic, rapid, and efficient hypotoxic pretreatment method for organochlorine pesticides in soil samples for gas chromatography (GC) analysis. The analytical extraction efficiencies of 11 different extractants, nine types of solid-phase purification (SPP) cartridge packings, and three types of eluents for 13 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in spiked and natural Chinese red soil (Hydragric Acrisols) were evaluated using an ultrasonic extraction and solid-phase purification method. High percent recoveries (85-106%) were obtained for the 13 organochlorine pesticides in soil when petroleum ether/acetone/water (10:5:2, v/v) was used an extractant. They were purified using celite SPP cartridge packing and eluted with 9 mL of dichloromethane/petroleum ether (1:9, v/v). The OCPs purification pretreatment of Hydragric Acrisols, using the above method, meets the GC analysis requirements. Compared with other traditional pretreatment methods for OCPs in soil samples, this method has several advantages, such as a short extraction time, reducing the amount of solvent, having no emulsion phenomenon, and hypotoxicity to the laboratory technicians. The concentrations of 1,1,1,-trichloro-2(p-chlorophenyl)-2-(o-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDTs; 3.42-8.08 ng g(-1)) in field soils were higher than the hexachlorocyclohexane concentration (2.94-6.12 ng g(-1)). The 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p'-DDE)?+?1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethane (p,p'-DDD)/p,p'-DDT ratio in this field soil was approximately 2.7, suggesting that no new DDT pollution source was introduced into the sampling site.     

配备低压进样系统的GC-FID法测大气中的CO和CH_4

将自主研发的低压进样系统与GC-FID法相结合,解决了低压样气难以抽取进样的技术难题,实现了对SUMMA采样罐内低压样气中CO、CH4的分析.罐内样气压强大于30kPa情况下,该进样装置能将待测低压气体提升至常压状态并完成进样过程.本系统采用3个六通阀、5分子筛与TDX-01双柱实现O2、CO、CH4的有效分离.通过对5分子筛柱的反吹去除杂质组份,既保持基线平稳,又可缩短分析周期,提高效率.该分析系统CO、CH4的最低检出限分别为9.2×10-9、5.5×10-9.本分析系统与美国加州大学Irvine分校Donald R.Blake实验室针对CO、CH4比对的相对误差分别低3%和1%.     

Research trends and hotspots of aquatic biofilms in freshwater environment during the last three decades: a critical review and bibliometric analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Freshwater periphytic biofilms (FPBs), existing widely in various aquatic environments, have attracted extensive attention for many years. In the...