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21.
This study examines how both strong and weak relationship groups (groups with numerous, intense internal friendship ties and few, less intense internal friendship ties respectively) achieve high performance when utilizing strategies that capitalize on the strengths and minimizing the weaknesses associated with their internal social structure. We examine the interactions of groups' internal friendship networks with their external network structures (external ties) and internal intragroup conflict (constructive controversy). The results of a study using survey, archival and interview data on 35 groups of MBA students indicated that internal friendship networks interacted with constructive controversy and external networks to determine when groups would achieve superior performance. High performing strong relationship groups engaged in greater constructive controversy than low performing strong relationship groups, while constructive controversy appeared to have minimal effect on the performance of weak relationship groups. High performing weak relationship groups had fewer external bridging ties to other groups when compared to low performing weak relationship groups, while external bridging ties appeared to have minimal effect on the performance of strong relationship groups. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Goswami S Nayak SK Pradhan AC Dey SK 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2011,32(1):105-109
Noise pollution is a significant environmental problem in many rapidly urbanizing areas of Orissa, India. Transportation sector is one of the major contributors to noise in these areas. The present study is an attempt to estimate traffic noise pollution at five places on the way from Vyasa Vihar Campus to Gyan Vigyan Vihar Campus of Fakir Mohan University, Balasore, Orissa. The sources of noise at the studied sites are predominantly attributable to motor vehicular traffic. The noise levels of all the five locations were found to be beyond permissible limit during the day time. The contributions of different types of vehicles to environmental noise were found to ranging from 70.4-94.2, 79.0-96.1, 77.8-110.2, 70.8-90.3, 71.0-87.5, 71.1-84.4, 72.5-86.9 and 74.0-85.4 dB (A) by cargo carrying Trucks, Tractors, Dumpers, Town Buses, Motor cycles, Bolero/Trucker, Pick up and Tempo respectively. The contributions of individual vehicles towards noise pollution were found to be more than the road traffic noise-limit i.e., 70 dB (A). On certain local inhabitants interviewed, the impact of noise was observed in the forms of alterations in their physical, psychological and personal aspects. This study warrants attention from all sections of people to deal with the problem of noise pollution. 相似文献
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Swayamprabha Mishra Monalisa Mohanty Chinmay Pradhan Hemanta Kumar Patra Ritarani Das Santilata Sahoo 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(5):4347-4359
The present investigation aims to assess the phytoremediation potential of six aquatic macrophytes, viz. Eichhornia crassipes, Hydrilla verticillata, Jussiaea repens, Lemna minor, Pistia stratiotes and Trapa natans grown in paper mill effluent of JK Paper mill of Rayagada, Orissa, for remediation of heavy metals. The experiment was designed in pot culture experiments. Assessment of physico-chemical parameters of paper mill effluent showed significant decrease in pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, chlorine, sulphur, biological and chemical oxygen demand after growth of macrophytes for 20 days. Phytoremediation ability of these aquatic macrophytic species for copper (Cu) and mercury (Hg) was indicated by assessing the decrease in the levels of heavy metals from effluent water. Maximum reduction (66.5 %) in Hg content of untreated paper mill effluent was observed using L. minor followed by T. natans (64.8 %). L. minor showed highest reduction (71.4 %) of Cu content from effluent water followed by E. crassipes (63.6 %). Phytoextraction potential of L. minor was remarkable for Hg and Cu, and bioaccumulation was evident from bioconcentration factor values, i.e. 0.59 and 0.70, respectively. The present phytoremediation approach was considered more effective than conventional chemical treatment method for removing toxic contaminants from paper mill effluent. 相似文献
24.
Sources of organic matter (OM) in lower Narmada and Tapi river-estuaries were examined using organic carbon to nitrogen ratio (Corg/N), stable carbon isotope ratio (δ13Corg) and lignin phenol biomarkers. The signature of lower Corg (av. 0.50%) and higher δ13Corg (av. –20.3‰) in Narmada and, higher Corg (av. 0.85%) and lower δ13Corg (av. –22.8‰) in Tapi highlight the difference in OM characteristics of both systems, nevertheless they flow adjacent to each other. The OM in Tapi was predominated by fresh plant tissues, as indicated by higher Λ8?=?1.2–3.2?mg/100?mg Corg, lower Ad/Alv?=?0.22–0.46 and lower LPVI?=?17–23. The plant OM present in the sediments of Narmada was previously degraded and mixed with soil. The OM contribution from algae was restricted to estuarine stations in both the rivers, which was ~50% in Narmada and ~35% in Tapi. The contribution of OM from fresh vascular plant was higher (20% to 63%) in Tapi than Narmada (2% to 35%). This study illustrated the benefits of using lignin phenols along with Corg/N and δ13Corg to identify the potential OM sources in two large river–estuary systems of India, which highlighted the complex interaction of natural and anthropogenic processes acted on the terrestrial OM compositions. 相似文献
25.
Satyabrata Pradhan 《The Environmentalist》1996,16(2):157-162
Summary The ecological crisis is a result of modern industrial development and its negative impacts which are not conducive to the co-existence of essential diversities in the ecosystem. One of the major trends in present day industry is to move towards computer-based automation. This article discusses the compatibility of this trend towards automation with sustainable development which is regarded as the only viable choice to overcome the ecological crisis. After discussing the present day concepts of sustainable development, automation and the economic impact of automation on society, this paper argues that computer-based automation in industry is not conducive to sustainable development. It is also argued that the spread of automation will decrease the capability of mankind as a whole to implement environmentally sustainable programmes. Finally, the man-nature relationship which is the philosophical basis of the industrial paradigm is discussed. As pointed out by some comparative philosophers, the basic concept of human superiority and separation from nature has to change in order to have a harmonious integrity of life forms as complementary realities in this phenomenal existence.Satyabrata Pradhan is a Post Doctoral Research Fellow of the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of British 相似文献
26.
Daniel J. A. Johansson Paul L. Lucas Matthias Weitzel Erik O. Ahlgren A. B Bazaz Wenying Chen Michel G. J. den Elzen Joydeep Ghosh Maria Grahn Qiao-Mei Liang Sonja Peterson Basanta K. Pradhan Bas J. van Ruijven P. R. Shukla Detlef P. van Vuuren Yi-Ming Wei 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2015,20(8):1335-1359
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28.
Soil erosion assessment and its correlation with landslide events using remote sensing data and GIS: a case study at Penang Island,Malaysia 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Pradhan B Chaudhari A Adinarayana J Buchroithner MF 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(2):715-727
In this paper, an attempt has been made to assess, prognosis and observe dynamism of soil erosion by universal soil loss equation
(USLE) method at Penang Island, Malaysia. Multi-source (map-, space- and ground-based) datasets were used to obtain both static
and dynamic factors of USLE, and an integrated analysis was carried out in raster format of GIS. A landslide location map
was generated on the basis of image elements interpretation from aerial photos, satellite data and field observations and
was used to validate soil erosion intensity in the study area. Further, a statistical-based frequency ratio analysis was carried
out in the study area for correlation purposes. The results of the statistical correlation showed a satisfactory agreement
between the prepared USLE-based soil erosion map and landslide events/locations, and are directly proportional to each other.
Prognosis analysis on soil erosion helps the user agencies/decision makers to design proper conservation planning program
to reduce soil erosion. Temporal statistics on soil erosion in these dynamic and rapid developments in Penang Island indicate
the co-existence and balance of ecosystem. 相似文献
29.
Pradhan Ananta Man Singh Kim Yun-Tae Shrestha Suchita Huynh Thanh-Canh Nguyen Ba-Phu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(15):18501-18517
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study aims to capture groundwater potential zones integrating deep neural network and groundwater influencing factors. The present work was... 相似文献
30.
K. Dhineka M. Sambandam S. K. Sivadas T. Kaviarasan Umakanta Pradhan Mehmuna Begum Pravakar Mishra M. V. Ramana Murthy 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(1):10