Synthesis of branched allylic sulfones by regioselective boron-catalysed hydrosulfonylation

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Branched allylic sulfones are scaffolds widely distributed in bioactive molecules and organic functional materials. The synthesis of allylic sulfones has been...     

焦炭和废铁屑微电解预处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

研究表明,废铁屑和焦炭微电解是预处理垃圾渗滤液的一种有效方法,可去除垃圾渗滤液COD、色度和腐殖酸等污染物质,改善其可生化性、降低负荷,为后续生化处理创造良好的条件.通过静态正交实验确定废铁屑和焦炭最佳投加体积比为1∶3;最佳反应pH值为4;动态实验中,反应时间为1 h时,COD和色度去除率分别高达68%和91%;BOD/COD从0.3提高到0.5左右.     

应用多导流筒气升式环流生物反应器处理化肥工业含氨废水

在天津××化工厂建立了一套反应器有效体积为80m3的低高径比、多导流筒气升式环流生物反应器处理化肥工业含氨废水的装置。针对影响生物硝化效果的影响因素气液比、水力停留时间进行了考察,得到了操作的优化条件气液比为50∶1,水力停留时间为5h。在此条件下,该装置对废水中的COD_(Cr)和NH4+-N的去除率分别在75%和98%以上,出水中COD_(Cr)<50mg/L,NH4+-N<10mg/L。     

有机膨润土吸附对硝基苯酚的性能及其在水处理中的应用初探

分别用溴化十六烷基三甲铵（ＣＴＭＡＢ）和氯化十六烷基吡啶（ＣＰＣ）改性膨润土，研究了制备有机膨润土的适宜条件及其对吸附对对硝基苯酚性能的影响。２５℃时，ＣＴＭＢ－膨润土和ＣＰＣ－膨润土对对硝基苯酚的饱和吸附量分别为４７５ｍｇ／ｇ，远大于原土的饱和吸附量（１２５ｍｇ／ｇ）。ｐＨ〉７时，有机膨润土吸附处理对硝基苯酚的去除率都在８５％以上，比原土的去除率（８．６％）大９倍，通过Ｘ－衍射、红外光谱分析、比     

二氯苯醌对斑马鱼胚胎发育及超氧化物歧化酶的影响

2,6-二氯-1,4-苯醌（2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone,2,6-DCBQ）作为一种新型消毒副产物,因其高检出率及高含量的特点而备受人们关注.本研究以斑马鱼胚胎为实验材料探究了2,6-DCBQ的发育毒性.结果发现：斑马鱼胚胎在8~24 hpf（器官发育形成时期）对2,6-DCBQ暴露最为敏感,死亡率最高;2,6-DCBQ安全浓度为27.15 μg·L^-1,属于极度危险外源化学物.在本实验中,2,6-DCBQ对斑马鱼的生长没有显著影响,但高浓度（100和150 μg·L^-1）2,6-DCBQ会显著增加斑马鱼胚胎及仔鱼的畸形率.在实验过程中还发现,高浓度（≥ 80 μg·L^-1）2,6-DCBQ会明显抑制斑马鱼胚胎的心率.此外,≥ 30 μg·L^-1 2,6-DCBQ可提高超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide dismutase,SOD）的活性,并影响Cu/ZnSOD和MnSOD的正常转录.本研究较全面地探究了2,6-DCBQ对斑马鱼早期发育阶段的发育毒性,可为2,6-DCBQ的毒性研究提供可靠证据.     

氧掺杂g-C3N4光催化降解Cu-EDTA络合物的反应机理研究

本研究以Cu-EDTA为模拟污染物,探讨了非金属石墨相氮化碳(g-C_3N_4)在光催化降解重金属络合污染物中的应用潜力.首先采用在空气气氛下煅烧的方式对g-C_3N_4进行氧掺杂改性,并通过XRD、TEM和DRS等表征手段对掺杂前后的催化剂结构进行表征.光催化性能评价结果表明,氧掺杂改性更有利于催化剂表面光生空穴的分离,从而呈现出显著提升的破络合能力.通过自由基猝灭实验对g-C_3N_4光降解Cu-EDTA的催化机制进行了研究,结果表明,未掺杂g-C_3N_4通过O_2~(·-)、空穴和·OH的共同作用实现重金属络合物的去除,而氧掺杂样品以具有更强破络合能力的光生空穴为主要活性物种实现Cu-EDTA污染物的降解.     

开封市公园地表灰尘PAHs污染与健康风险评价

应用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)测定了开封市相国寺、铁塔公园、龙亭公园、清明上河园等4个公园的53个地表灰尘样品中的16种优控多环芳烃(PAHs)含量,并分析了PAHs的来源、组成、污染水平和健康风险.结果表明:样品∑PAHs含量在332.20~7535.10μg·kg-1之间,平均值为1320.10μg·kg-1,其中,单体PAHs以菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、苯并(a)蒽、苯并(b)荧蒽和苯并(a)芘等4~5环化合物含量较高;相国寺、铁塔公园、龙亭公园灰尘分别达到重度、中度、轻度PAHs污染,清明上河园未检测到PAHs污染.终生癌症风险增量模型(ILCRs)评价结果显示,儿童健康风险高于成人,皮肤接触灰尘PAHs是导致儿童和成人高风险的最主要暴露途径,其次是手口摄入途径.灰尘PAHs综合致癌风险(CR)的顺序为相国寺铁塔公园龙亭公园清明上河园,其中,相国寺的CR超过10-6,存在人体可耐受的致癌风险,其他公园不存在健康风险.影响公园灰尘PAHs含量、污染程度和健康风险的因素非常复杂,是建园时间、地理位置、公园性质、游客密度及周边环境状况等多种因素综合的结果.灰尘PAHs主要来源于石油、煤和生物质不完全燃烧,以及石油泄漏等.     

开封市公园灰尘重金属含量及潜在生态风险

采集河南省开封市区4个典型公园(清明上河园、龙亭公园、铁塔公园、相国寺)52个地表灰尘样品,采用原子荧光(AFS)法、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP)和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定灰尘重金属含量,并用调整后的Hkanson潜在生态危害分级标准对重金属潜在生态危害进行评价。结果表明:灰尘Cd、Hg、Pb、Zn、Cu富集显著。重金属单项生态风险指数(E)顺序为HgCdPbCuNiZnCoCrMnTi,除Hg和Cd出现强烈以上生态风险外,其他重金属风险轻微。所有公园灰尘重金属潜在生态总风险(RI)均在很强等级以上,其大小依次为RI相国寺RI龙亭公园RI铁塔公园RI清明上河园。灰尘Hg和Cd对RI的平均贡献率分别为45.28%和46.77%,是最主要的风险因子。     

超声-紫外光协同催化体系降解水中菲

以纳米TiO_2为催化剂,采用超声-紫外光协同催化体系降解水中菲,并考察了菲降解率的影响因素。实验结果表明:不同类型TiO_2对菲降解率的大小顺序为锐钛矿型TiO_2P25型TiO_2金红石型TiO_2;超声-紫外光协同催化体系对菲的降解率大于单独超声体系或紫外光催化体系,且均遵从一级反应动力学规律;在超声频率为60k Hz、声强为0.233 W/cm2、TiO_2投加量为0.06 g/L、pH为4.0、H_2O_2浓度为19.59 mmol/L的条件下降解75 min后,超声-紫外光协同催化体系对初始质量浓度为0.96 mg/L的菲的降解率可达76.78%。     

Associations between co-exposure to multiple metals and renal function: a cross-sectional study in Guangxi,China

The association between co-exposure to multiple metals and renal function is poorly understood. We aimed to evaluate the individual and joint effects of metal exposure on renal function in this study. We performed a cross-sectional study including 5828 participants in Guangxi, China, in 2019. Urine concentrations of 17 metals were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Logistic regression model and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were applied to investigate the association of individual metal exposure with renal dysfunction. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were used to assess the co-exposure effects of the metals. Participants with the highest quartile of urinary Cu were at 1.84-fold (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.20–2.87) increased risk of renal dysfunction compared with the lowest quartile. The highest quartiles of urinary Sr, Cs, V, Ba, and Se were associated with 0.27-fold (95% CI: 0.17–0.43), 0.33 (95% CI: 0.19–0.53), 0.41 (95% CI: 0.25–0.65), 0.58 (95% CI: 0.36–0.90), and 0.33 (95% CI: 0.19–0.56) decreased risk of renal dysfunction compared with their lowest quartile, respectively. Furthermore, urinary Ba and Cu were non-linearly correlated with renal dysfunction. The WQS analysis showed that mixed metal exposure was inversely associated with renal dysfunction (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.35–0.62), and Sr accounted for the largest weight (52.2%), followed by Cs (32.3%) in the association. Moreover, we observed a potential interaction between Cu, Cs, and Ba for renal dysfunction in BKMR model. Exposure to Se, Sr, Cs, V, and Ba is associated with decreased risk of renal dysfunction, whereas an increased risk is associated with Cu exposure. Co-exposure to these metals is negatively associated with renal dysfunction, and Sr and Cs are the main contributors to the associations.