在用国Ⅲ/国Ⅳ/国Ⅴ柴油公交车的颗粒物质量及固态PM2.5数量排放特性

利用法规认证全流稀释定容采样系统以及满足精度要求的颗粒物排放分析系统,运行GB/T 19754—2005《重型混合动力电动汽车能量消耗量试验方法》推荐的中国典型城市公交循环(CCBC),分析了在用国Ⅲ/国Ⅳ/国Ⅴ柴油公交车以及在用国Ⅲ柴油公交车进行DOC(氧化催化转化器)+CDPF(催化型颗粒捕集器)改造后的颗粒物质量、固态PM_2.5数量排放特性.结果表明:国Ⅲ、国Ⅳ、国Ⅴ柴油公交车的颗粒物质量排放因子分别为63.77、63.20和14.42 mg/km,固态PM_2.5数量排放因子分别为3.87×1013、3.10×1013和2.77×1013 km-1.与国Ⅲ柴油公交车相比,国Ⅳ柴油公交车的颗粒物质量、固态PM_2.5数量排放因子分别降低了1%和20%;国Ⅴ柴油公交车分别降低了77%和28%;进行DOC+CDPF改造的国Ⅲ公交车颗粒物质量、固态PM_2.5颗粒数量排放因子分别为1.78 mg/km和3.19×1011 km-1,比未改造前分别降低了97%和99%.中国典型城市公交循环的低速(0～21.8 km/h)、中低速(0～37.5 km/h)、中高速(0～51.7 km/h)和高速(0～60.0 km/h)4类行驶工况中,低速行驶工况的固态PM_2.5数量排放因子最高,约是整个循环的2倍;在加速、匀速、减速、怠速4种行驶模式中,加速行驶模式产生的固态PM_2.5单位时间排放量最高,其分别为减速和怠速行驶模式下的10和6倍.研究显示,提高柴油公交车的平均车速,降低加速行驶比例有利于降低其颗粒物排放;DOC+CDPF可显著降低国Ⅲ柴油公交车的颗粒物排放.      

基于PSR的围圩养殖区湖泊湖荡群水生态系统健康评价

以典型围圩养殖区江苏省里下河腹部地区的41个湖泊湖荡为研究对象,分析筛选了围圩养殖对生态系统影响的主要指标,基于PSR方法评价了湖泊湖荡群的水生态系统健康状况.结果表明,选取的养殖面积占比、斑块密度及退圩还湖政策规划等指标能够有效反映区域的围圩养殖特色,全面表征围圩养殖对生态系统压力、状态、响应的影响.评价结果显示,里下河腹部地区41个湖泊湖荡中综合指数等级健康的占比4.9%,亚健康的占比87.8%,不健康的占比7.3%.研究结果可为围圩养殖区湖泊水生态系统健康评价、退圩还湖及水生态修复规划提供重要的技术方法.     

Decomposition of hexachlorobenzene over Al2O3 supported metal oxide catalysts

Decomposition of hexachlorobenzene(HCB)was investigated over several metal oxides(i.e.,MgO,CaO,BaO,La2O3,CeO2,MnO2, Fe2O3,and Co3O4)supported on Al2O3,which was achieved in closed system at a temperature of 300°C.Catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation with different metal oxides loading and impregnating solvents.The decomposition effciency of different catalysts for this reaction depends on the nature of the metal oxide used,and Al2O3 supported La2O3 was found to be the most active one.Pe...     

基于ETM+图像的植被覆盖度遥感估算模型

植被覆盖度(VFC)的定量遥感是多种地表过程研究的迫切需要.文章选用南京市一幅Landsat 7 ETM 图像,经大气校正后提取了归一化植被指数(NDVI),与地面实测的植被覆盖度进行回归分析,建立了1～4次多项式关系模型.结果表明,NDVI与VFC呈极显著的正相关关系(r = 0.874, P < 0.001).在NDVI-VFC的1～4次多项式关系模型中,模型幂次越高,拟合程度越好.综合考虑模型的精度和稳定性,3次多项式模型作为最优模型推荐使用:VFC = -1.3438 NDVI 3 0.9774 NDVI 2 0.9988 NDVI 0.1507 (R2 = 0.7961, RMSE = 0.1094),该模型精度在植被中等密集区域(VFC＝0.4～0.8)最高,植被稀疏区域(VFC < 0.4)最低,植被密集区域(VFC > 0.8)居中.模型可直接用于全图像的VFC计算,并可通过植被指数的校准,进行推广使用.     

引调水河道氮的迁移转化及微生物群落结构特征——以望虞河为例

以引江济太调水工程-望虞河为研究对象,探究引调水河道氮素的迁移转化规律及微生物群落结构特征.于2020年10月、12月以及2021年1月在望虞河沿程布设监测点位并采集水样,分析其水体理化性质、氮的形态分布及含量、微生物群落结构变化特征.结果 表明:①硝酸盐氮是望虞河沿程水体中氮素的主要存在形态,占总氮浓度的75.3％～...     

银川东换流站中开关连锁逻辑的改进

针对银川东换流站现有的中开关连锁逻辑存在的问题进行了分析,提出了 2 种解决方案,分析结果表明:虽然闭锁中开关重合闸方式简单可靠,但是无法克服线路侧边开关偷跳问题,而采用母线侧边断路器分相位置开入方式即可解决银川东换流站中开关连锁逻辑存在的问题。     

基于雷达估算降雨的湖北漳河流域径流模拟研究

本文以湖北省漳河流域为研究对象,从2008-2017年中选取了16次洪水过程(10次过程用于率定参数,6次过程用于检验),分别采用了4种方法进行雷达降雨估算,并将估算结果输入到TOPMODEL和新安江模型进行了径流模拟计算。结果表明:4种雷达降雨估算方法中动态Z-I的平均相对误差最小为8.16%,其次是分组Z-I为20.1%,最优Z-I和经典Z-I分别为29.7%和29.02%;从径流模拟结果来看,动态Z-I效果最佳,分组Z-I次之,最优Z-I和经典Z-I模拟效果相对较差,且TOPMODEL模型的洪峰相对误差和峰现时差比新安江模型的模拟结果要小,新安江模型模拟结果的确定性系数与TOPMODEL模型接近。     

Significant tipping points of sediment microeukaryotes forewarn increasing antibiotic pollution

Antibiotic pollution imposes urgent threats to public health and microbial-mediated ecological processes. Existing studies have primarily focused on bacterial responses to antibiotic pollution, but they ignored the microeukaryotic counterpart, though microeukaryotes are functionally important (e.g., predators and saprophytes) in microbial ecology. Herein, we explored how the assembly of sediment microeukaryotes was affected by increasing antibiotic pollution at the inlet (control) and across the outlet sites along a shrimp wastewater discharge channel. The structures of sediment microeukaryotic community were substantially altered by the increasing nutrient and antibiotic pollutions, which were primarily controlled by the direct effects of phosphate and ammonium (−0.645 and 0.507, respectively). In addition, tetracyclines exerted a large effect (0.209), including direct effect (0.326) and indirect effect (−0.117), on the microeukaryotic assembly. On the contrary, the fungal subcommunity was relatively resistant to antibiotic pollution. Segmented analysis depicted nonlinear responses of microeukaryotic genera to the antibiotic pollution gradient, as supported by the significant tipping points. We screened 30 antibiotic concentration-discriminatory taxa of microeukaryotes, which can quantitatively and accurately predict (98.7% accuracy) the in-situ antibiotic concentration. Sediment microeukaryotic (except fungal) community is sensitive to antibiotic pollution, and the identified bioindicators could be used for antibiotic pollution diagnosis.