Early amniocentesis at 11–14 weeks' gestation for the diagnosis of fetal chromosomal abnormality—a clinical evaluation

Early arnniocentesis between 11 and 14 weeks' gestation was offered to 110 women at risk of a chromosomally abnormal fetus due to maternal age. Four were found to be unsuitable for the procedure, and 106 early amniocenteses were performed. In 102 cases, clear amniotic fluid was obtained with a single tap. There were two dry taps and two bloodstained tapis; sampling was repeated in three of these cases before 15 weeks. In the fourth case, placental biopsy was performed at 16 weeks. Thus, we were able to obtain a satisfactory sample in all but three cases(2.8 percent). Karyotyping of cells harvested from the early amniotic fluid samples was successful in all the 105 cases. Cell culture from the initial samples revealed a normal karyotype in 99 cases, two balanced translocations, two tetraploid karyotypes, and two cases of pseudomosaicism. Of the 105 pregnancies successfully sampled, there have been two losses to date (1–8 per cent). Two further patients presented with premature rupture of membranes, both pregnancies having successful outcomes. Sixty-two babies have delivered to date, with four congenital anomalies. There were no respiratory problems. Twenty-nine pregnancies are continuing without known complications, and details are not yet available on the remaining 12. The results indicate that early arnniocentesis may replace the traditional test at 15–17 weeks.     

Prenatal diagnosis of a mosaic 46,XY/47,X,i (Xq)Y

A case of mosaic 46,XY/47,X,i(Xq)Y is diagnosed at 18 gestational weeks in amniotic fluid cells and confirmed at birth in the lymphocytes of the child. The literature on Klinefelter's syndromes with structural chromosome X rearrangements is reviewed. This is the first case reported of a mosaic isochromosome Xq in a boy.     

Flow cytometric method to measure urea-resistant alkaline phosphatase from blood neutrophils for use in the prenatal screening of Down's syndrome

The histochemical measurement of urea-resistant alkaline phosphatase from maternal blood neutrophils is known to have a high detection rate for the prenatal detection of Down's syndrome pregnancies. However, because the histochemical method is laborious and subjective to use, it has not gained widespread acceptance in prenatal screening programmes. We present a simple and objective method for the measurement of urea-resistant alkaline phosphatase by flow cytometry. The method should allow the design of larger studies aimed at evaluating the role of neutrophil urea-resistant alkaline phosphatase in the prenatal screening for Down's syndrome.     

Expanding multiple marker screening for Down's syndrome to include Edward'S syndrome

Information on maternal age and maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein, unconjugated oestriol (uE<sub>3sub>), and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) levels was used to investigate retrospectively the effect of estimating Edward's syndrome risk in women having multi-marker screening for Down's syndrome. The screened population comprised 15 pregnancies affected by Edward's syndrome, 15 with Down's syndrome and 5472 unaffected pregnancies. The use of all three markers to estimate Edward's syndrome risk would have led to the detection of 10–12 (67–80 per cent) cases with a false-positive rate of 0.3–0.6 per cent depending on the risk cut-off. A further case would have been detected as a result of screening for Down's syndrome alone. Similar results were obtained when the Edward's syndrome risk was based on uE<sub>3sub> and hCG only. These data suggest that extending Down's syndrome screening to include Edward's syndrome risk will yield a high detection rate with only a small increase in the false-positive rate.     

腹泻性贝类毒素的分析方法研究

本文描述了腹泻性贝类毒素的的特性，给出了已知的９种毒物成分的化学结构式衣不同毒物成分的毒性大小及毒理效应，对已有的该毒素的定量分析方法，包括生物分析法和化学分析法进行了剖析，重点阐述了化学分析法中的高效液相色谱分析法，介绍了法国目前使用的腹性贝毒的预警系统，并对我国该领域的研究提出了自己的建议。     

一株高效苯酚降解菌的分离、鉴定及降解特性的研究

从污泥中分离到1株高效苯酚降解细菌JF-10.在以1000mg·L-1苯酚作为唯一碳源并加有0.05%酵母粉的无机盐培养基中,JF-10能在24h内将苯酚完全降解.该菌被鉴定为假单胞菌,与P.citronellolis、P.nitroreducens、P.aeruginosa亲缘关系较近,但生理生化特征又有差异.JF-10与P.citronelloli gyrB基因的序列相似性只有75%,与P.aeruginosa也只有80%.该菌在pH值4.0～9.0时对苯酚的降解达80%以上,加入一定浓度Mn2 、Cu2 、M2 、Pb2 对苯酚降解有促进作用;200mg·L-1的α-萘酚、苯胺能显著抑制苯酚降解,但甲苯对苯酚的降解无影响,苯酚可以促进邻甲酚的降解.     

海水水质评价的倍斜率隶属函数聚类法

建立了宽域式倍斜率聚类的海水水质评价模式，其函数的右侧斜度为左侧斜率的２倍，勿求权重，直接聚类，海水水质评价实例说明，本文模糊综合评判法和灰色聚类法和更为合理，实用。     

石首麋鹿国家级自然保护区多媒体演示系统的研究

本文利用计算机多媒体技术 ,研制出石首麋鹿国家级自然保护区多媒体演示系统。该系统以 WINDOWS98窗口环境为平台 ,融图、文、声、像、数据库、动画等多种媒体于一体 ,将先进的图像处理技术、声音处理技术、文字处理技术、视频处理技术、以及三维动画技术集成到计算机中 ,可使原本单调的静态材料变成有声有色的动态画面 ,全方位展示该保护区的历史、现状与未来     

我国矿产资源的现状及保护对策

本文着重讲述了我国矿产资源的特点,全面分析了我国矿产资源的现状,并 提出缓解矿产资源危机的一些对策。     

双室火灾烟气特性的实验研究

本文在１／２缩尺建筑模型中，取双室－走廊结构，以标准木垛为火源，对建筑火灾的初始阶段进行了实验模拟。着重研究了火灾初期的烟气特性及其变化，包括烟气温度及烟气中ＣＯ＿２气体和炭颗粒浓度。本文目的在于在探索和发展中等尺寸火灾实验模拟手段和方法的同时，定性地确定火源功率对烟气特性的影响，并积累一定的实验数据，为建筑火灾的分析和模化提供实验基础和依据。