基于TES数据的亚洲大气水汽中δD空间分布特征研究

基于TES反演的大气水汽及水汽中HDO数据，对亚洲大气水汽中δD在垂直和等压面上的分布特征进行了分析。在垂直方向上：多年平均显示δD值在对流层由低空向高空逐渐降低，最小值出现在80~100 hPa的对流层顶，进入平流层后则随高度升高而增加；约从500 hPa至对流层顶，等值线非常平直；在500 hPa以下的对流层中低层，等值线则存在着波动。在等压面上：δD值的多年平均纬向分布明显，表现出随纬度增加而减小；在低纬地区的同纬度，δD值由海洋向大陆递减。δD的季节差异则显示在中纬度地区的亚洲大陆，ΔδD为正值且自西向东正值的分布范围、大小均逐渐减小；在低纬和高纬地区，ΔδD值则均为负值；在同纬度地区,海洋上的ΔδD明显小于陆地。另外，发现平流层的等压面上，δD的多年平均、季节差异均表现出与对流层相反分布的特点     

Observation and origin of organochlorine compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the free troposphere over central Europe

On Zugspitze (2670 m a.s.l.), Alps, higher concentrations were observed during a winter than during a summer measurement campaign of PAHs, chlorobenzenes (43.6 vs. 2.0 pg m⁻³) and DDTs (3.7 vs. 1.2 pg m⁻³), while hexachlorocyclohexanes and PCBs were found at similar levels. The PCB, HCH and DDT levels are among the lowest ever reported from outside the Arctic. Mostly lower levels were found in samples collected in summer than in winter despite a significant boundary layer air influence, but no such influence on samples collected during the winter campaign. Boundary layer influence was quantified by Lagrangian particle dispersion model retroplume analyses. Photochemical lifetimes corresponding to k_OH < 1.5 × 10⁻¹² cm³ molec⁻¹ s⁻¹ are found for p,p′-DDT, k_OH < 0.75 × 10⁻¹² cm³ molec⁻¹ s⁻¹ for p,p′-DDE and k_OH < 1.0 × 10⁻¹² cm³ molec⁻¹ s⁻¹ for p,p′-DDD.     

临近空间大气环境特性监测与研究

随着临近空间飞行器的不断发展和运用,作为武器装备和系统环境的临近空间大气特性成为作战保障的重要条件.结合临近空间飞行器的应用需求,对临近空间的特点、大气环境监测和研究的相关问题进行了综合性分析,为开展临近空间环境信息保障和服务提供参考.     

Application of ground-based Lidar for studies of the dynamics of ozone in a mountainous basin

A ground-based Differential Absorption Lidar was employed to study the dynamics of atmospheric O3 within the planetary boundary layer of a basin in the 'Fichtelgebirge' mountains, NE Bavaria. In particular, the night-time dynamics of O3 linked to the ground were investigated. The Lidar system measured vertical profiles of O3 up to 1 km above ground. For detailed analysis of the night-time dynamics of ozone, supplementary data from three ground-based stations (measuring mixing ratios of O3 and NO(x), as well as meteorological parameters) are essential. The Lidar results could be evaluated with these data from various altitudes above the basin floor. For the station with the largest (vertical) distance to the ground-based Lidar, the agreement was very good at all times. The Lidar method proved to be useful for examining the spatial distribution of O3. The observed night-time decrease of O3 at the bottom of the basin was due to deposition and to advection of air masses containing less O3 from the mountain slopes.     

Determination of atmospheric hydroxyl radical by HPLC coupled with electrochemical detection

The hydroxyl radical (·OH) plays a central role in the oxidation and removal of many atmospheric compounds. Measurement of atmospheric·OH is very difficult because of its high reactivity and low atmospheric abundance. In this article, a simple and highly sensitive method, high performance liquid chromatography coupled with coulometric detection (HPLC-CD), was developed to determine·OH indirectly by determining its reaction products with salicylic acid (SAL), 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA), and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHBA). Under the optimum conditions for its determination, 2,3-DHBA and 2,5-DHBA could be well separated and the detection limits for 2,3-DHBA were 3×10~(-10) mol/L and for 2,5-DHBA were 1.5×10~(-10) mol/L, which were lower than most previous reports. This method was also applied to measure atmospheric hydroxyl radical levels and demonstrated the feasibility in clean and polluted air.