Simulation of temporal and spatial change of N2O emissions in the Yangtze River Delta

A biogeochemical model(DNDC) is combined with a plant ecological model to estimate N2O emission from rice paddy fields in the Yangtze River Delta region. The model is driven by local meteorological, soil, and physiological data and is validated for 1999 and 2000 at a site in the region, which showed that the simulated N2O emissions agree fairly well with the observed data. This adds some confidence in the estimated N2O emissions during 1950 and 2000 in the Hangzhou Region. A significant correlation between the N2O emissions and the population for the Hangzhou Region is found, which is due to a combination of increased application of fertilizers and cultivated area.Such a correlation can not be established for the whole Yangtze River Delta region when the data of both urban and rural are as areincluded. However, when the data from the heavily urbanized areas are excluded, a significant correlation between population and N2O emissions emerges. The results show clearly that both the temporal and the spatial N2O emissions have significant positive relationship with population under traditional farming practice. These results have implications for suitable mitigation options towards a sustainable agriculture and environment in this region.     

农业管理措施对N2O排放的影响

结合国内外文献资料，介绍了目前N2O排放的研究现状，详细分析了种植方式、作物类型、肥料施用、水分管理、耕翻等农业管理措施对土壤N2O排放的影响，并对今后的研究重点进行了讨论。     

铜铈复合金属氧化物催化剂催化分解N2O

以蜂窝陶瓷为载体,采用浸渍法制备了负载型铜铈复合金属氧化物催化剂.研究了n(Cu):n(Ce)、活性组分负载量、焙烧温度及O2气氛对催化剂分解N2O活性的影响.实验结果表明:CeO2的掺入可以明显提高CuO催化剂催化分解N2O的活性,当n(Cu):n(Ce)=1:1时,N2O分解率最高,反应温度为500 ℃时,N2O分解率达85.8％;对于n(Cu):n(Ce)=1:1的催化剂,最佳活性组分负载量为18％,最佳焙烧温度为500 ℃;当反应气氛中有O2存在时,会抑制催化分解N2O反应的进行.     

Nitrogen transformation in maize soil after application of different organic manures

IntroductionAnimalwastesareusuallyappliedtosoilasorganicmanure .Applicationoforganicmanuretoarablelandisrecommendedforrecyclingvaluablenutrientresources .However ,ifimproperlyused ,organicmanuremaybecomeasourceofenvironmentalproblems ,suchasgreenhousegasemissions ,ammoniavolatilizationandNO- 3 Nleachingintogroundwater (Williams ,1999) .Nitrateleachingfromarableland ,whichcausescontaminationofgroundwater,hasbecomeamatterofworldwideconcern .Therearemanydocumentsontheeffectsofchemicalfertilizer…     

国际资讯

正伊朗议会考虑迁都据媒体报道,因为德黑兰饱受城市病的折磨,人口多、交通堵塞且空气污染严重,伊朗议会正考虑把首都从德黑兰迁往其他城市。这个提议如果获得议会通过,将由一个专门委员会在今后两年内负责新都选址。大德黑兰地区在过去10年中人口急速膨胀,增加将近两倍,而且越来越多的伊朗人正不断涌向德黑兰,寻找工作和改善生活的机会。     

连续流反应器污水硝化过程中的N_2O释放

污水生物脱氮硝化阶段是温室气体一氧化二氮（N2O）的重要释放源。采用连续流反应器在2种进水氨氮（NH4-N,低氮反应器60 mg/L和高氮反应器180 mg/L）浓度条件下驯化硝化菌,并研究了不同初始NH4-N浓度和不同初始亚硝酸盐（NO2-N）浓度条件下所驯化硝化菌释放N2O的特征。结果表明在反应器运行过程中2个反应器释放N2O较少,均小于去除NH4-N浓度的0.01%;N2O的释放均随着初始NH4-N浓度或初始NO2-N浓度的升高而增加;不同初始NH4-N浓度条件下,低氮反应器驯化硝化菌的N2O释放率在0.51%~1.40%之间,高氮反应器驯化硝化菌在0.29%~1.27%之间;不同初始NO2-N浓度条件下,低氮反应器驯化硝化菌的N2O释放率在1.38%~3.78%之间,高氮反应器驯化硝化菌在1.16-5.81%之间。     

连续流反应器污水硝化过程中的N2O释放

污水生物脱氮硝化阶段是温室气体一氧化二氮(N2O)的重要释放源。采用连续流反应器在2种进水氨氮(NH4-N,低氮反应器60 mg/L和高氮反应器180 mg/L)浓度条件下驯化硝化菌,并研究了不同初始NH4-N浓度和不同初始亚硝酸盐(NO2-N)浓度条件下所驯化硝化菌释放N2O的特征。结果表明在反应器运行过程中2个反应器释放N2O较少,均小于去除NH4-N浓度的0.01%;N2O的释放均随着初始NH4-N浓度或初始NO2-N浓度的升高而增加;不同初始NH4-N浓度条件下,低氮反应器驯化硝化菌的N2O释放率在0.51%~1.40%之间,高氮反应器驯化硝化菌在0.29%~1.27%之间;不同初始NO2-N浓度条件下,低氮反应器驯化硝化菌的N2O释放率在1.38%~3.78%之间,高氮反应器驯化硝化菌在1.16-5.81%之间。     

玉米田N2O排放及减排措施研究

用封闭式箱法对玉米田Ｎ２Ｏ排放进行全年、系统的原位观测，发现Ｎ２Ｏ排放有明显的季节变化，主要排放期是在作物的生长季节，另主米植株能通过其根系的作用增加土壤向大气排放Ｎ２Ｏ，应用长效碳酸安和缓释尿素于玉米田中，在主等量氮的情况下，定时监测Ｎ２Ｏ排放量，结果表明，上一种长效肥料一普通尿素和碳酸氨铵相比，能明显减少土壤中Ｎ２Ｏ排放，并能提高玉米产量，此外还发现，在玉米生长的后期，它们在土壤中仍能保持较高     

Effect of temperature on anoxic metabolism of nitrites to nitrous oxide by polyphosphate accumulating organisms

Temperature is an important physical factor, which strongly influences biomass and metabolic activity. In this study, the effects of temperature on the anoxic metabolism of nitrite(NO-2) to nitrous oxide(N2O) by polyphosphate accumulating organisms, and the process of the accumulation of N2O(during nitrite reduction), which acts as an electron acceptor, were investigated using 91% ± 4% Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis sludge. The results showed that N2O is accumulated when Accumulibacter first utilize nitrite instead of oxygen as the sole electron acceptor during the denitrifying phosphorus removal process. Properties such as nitrite reduction rate, phosphorus uptake rate, N2O reduction rate, and polyhydroxyalkanoate degradation rate were all influenced by temperature variation(over the range from 10 to 30°C reaching maximum values at 25°C). The reduction rate of N2O by N2O reductase was more sensitive to temperature when N2O was utilized as the sole electron acceptor instead of NO2, and the N2O reduction rates, ranging from 0.48 to 3.53 N2O-N/(hr·g VSS), increased to 1.45 to 8.60 mg N2O-N/(hr·g VSS). The kinetics processes for temperature variation of 10 to 30°C were(θ1 = 1.140–1.216 and θ2= 1.139–1.167). In the range of 10°C to 30°C, almost all of the anoxic stoichiometry was sensitive to temperature changes. In addition, a rise in N2O reduction activity leading to a decrease in N2O accumulation in long term operations at the optimal temperature(27°C calculated by the Arrhenius model).     

碳源对反硝化过程中一氧化二氮释放的影响

碳源种类及其浓度影响污水处理反硝化过程中一氧化二氮(N2O)的释放。以往关于碳源对反硝化过程中N2O释放特性的研究多采用单一碳源驯化活性污泥,采用混合碳源条件驯化的研究尚少。利用序批式反应器,以蔗糖和乙酸钠为混合碳源驯化反硝化菌。采用批处理试验研究了不同碳源(乙酸钠、葡萄糖和两者混合)在不同碳氮比(COD/N)条件下,利用硝酸盐氮(NO3--N)或亚硝酸盐氮(NO2--N)进行反硝化时N2O的释放。以NO2--N为电子受体进行反硝化时,N2O释放量远大于以NO3--N为电子受体进行反硝化时的释放量。碳源种类影响N2O释放,其释放比从低到高依次为乙酸钠、混合碳源和葡萄糖。以乙酸钠为碳源且当COD/N较低时,由于NO2--N积累和内源反硝化,导致较多N2O的释放,而在碳源相对充足情况下释放量较少。以葡萄糖为碳源时,由于反硝化速率较低,N2O释放量大于利用乙酸钠时的释放量,同时释放量随COD/N比的增加而增加。在混合碳源条件下,反硝化菌优先利用乙酸钠进行反硝化,N2O释放量随COD/N比的增加而降低。