基于地形的县域生态系统服务价值分析

通过收集2007年和2017年绛县的DEM数据和遥感数据,经遥感解译和GIS重分类,将该区域高程划分为6个等级、地形坡度划分为5个等级、土地利用类型划分为7类,计算和探讨了2007—2017年间绛县各土地利用类型的生态系统服务价值和单项生态系统服务价值在地形梯度上的变化情况,并计算了生态系统服务价值动态度和敏感性指数。结果表明:2007—2017年间,绛县土地利用面积增加了9 596 hm~2,生态系统服务总价值增加了14 762.80万元;生态系统服务价值增加量最大的为林地,生态系统服务价值减少量最大的为耕地;林地在900～1 200 m地形梯度上有最大的生态系统服务价值增加量12 620.66万元,在13°～20°地形坡度梯度上有最大的生态系统服务价值增加量9 946.53万元;在各单项生态系统服务价值类型方面,气体调节生态系统服务价值增加量最大,废物处理生态系统服务价值减少量最大;建设用地的生态系统服务价值动态度和敏感性指数最大,林地对绛县的生态系统服务价值贡献最多。     

井工煤矿建设工程对土地破坏的危险性评估

通过改变地表形态和降低土壤质量,井工煤矿生产对土地产生比较严重破坏.影响井工煤矿破坏土地的因素较多,针对所评估煤矿,煤层埋深与开采厚度、水文地质条件通常是主要因素,因此,选用土地利用类型、地表破坏程度和地面积水状况三个评估指标,采用单因素分析和叠加分析的方法进行土地破坏危险性评估.     

3S技术在古日格斯台自然保护区研究中的应用

利用"3S"技术对古日格斯台自然保护区植被类型的空间分布进行了分析,绘制了古日格斯台自然保护区植被图,讨论了其生态多样性和脆弱性,以此作为植被监测与管理的依据,进而对古日格斯台自然保护区的植被进行有效的保护.     

中国水资源短缺地域差异研究

论文以人均水资源量、单位面积水资源量、人均供水量和单位GDP占有水资源量为指标,采用综合评价方法对全国各省、自治区、直辖市(除台湾外)进行缺水程度及缺水类型的划分。根据缺水综合指数划分为丰富区、脆弱区、缺水区和严重缺水区;根据人均水资源量、单位面积水资源量、人均供水量与全国均值的差值划分为资源型、工程型和过载型。     

确定区域环境污染成因——HCA-PCA法

把系统聚类分析(简称HCA-hierachical cluster analysis) 和主成分分析方法(简称PCA-Principal Component Analysis)有机结合,从给定的"样品-指标"数据矩阵出发,利用HCA科学判定区域环境污染的类型,然后根据不同的类型利用PCA方法确定首要污染因子,针对首要污染因子,对各个污染途径进行评估,计算出各途径的污染分担率,从而确定区域污染成因.并对其原理、计算方法、特点作出分析和讨论,同时以某城镇水环境为例进行了计算示范.经证实该方法在确定区域环境污染成因,制定区域污染防治措施方面有重要的意义.     

Vegetation patterns and nature reserve construction in an extremely-arid desert in Anxi,NW China's Gansu Province

Anxi County is located in the northwestern part of the Hexi Corridor in gansu Province and has the sole national level nature reserve of extremely-arid desert in China.Phytosociological methods (Braun-Blanquet,1964) are used to classify plant community types in this area.Eleven are disting uished,including six of deserts,four of oases and one transitional type between deserts and oases.Direct gradient analysis (DCA) is employed to correlate the distribution of plant communities to physiogeographic conditions.This study makes clear that water is the most important ecological factor for the distribution of plant species and communities in this area.The effects of water have been demonstrated in different ways.A vegetation gradient from lower altitude to higher altitude in the southern part of the reserve is driven by a precipitation gradient.The effects of the depth of ground water table contribute to the differentiation of vegetation from desert to oasis in the flat area.In a finer scale,the washed gullies have obviously higher species richness and also higher vegetation cover than the surround gobi surfaces,possibly caused by the effects of floods.The vegetation patterns demonstrate that the area of Anxi County is a complete landscape unit.The range of the current nature reserve is not large enough for the purpose of conserving the unique biodiversity in this area.     

不同生物接触氧化方法对藻类的去除效果比较及其途径分析

比较了3种生物接触氧化法对富营养化水源水中藻类的去除效果，探讨其去除藻类的途径。试验结果表明：淹没式曝气生物陶粒滤池（I型）在4-6m/h过滤速度条件下，对藻类总数的去除效率稳定，平均为70%左右；采用YDT弹性立体填料的中心导流筒曝气生物接触氧化法（Ⅱ型）与直接微孔曝气生物接触氧化法（Ⅲ型），在试验初期对藻类总数的去除率较低，平均去除率分别为60.2%、51.6%。但随着生物膜厚度的增加，试验后期对藻类的去除效果逐步得到提高，平均达70%以上。生物膜对藻类的生物絮凝、吸附、生物膜的脱落沉降等是生物接触氧化法去除藻类的主要途径。     

The effects of land use and its patterns on soil properties in a small catchment of the Loess Plateau

Due to relatively strong human activities in the hilly area of Loess Plateau,the natural vegetation has been destroyed,and landscape pattern based on agricultural land matrix was land use mosaic composing of shrub land,grassland,woolland and orchard.This pattern has an important effect on soil moisture and soil nutrients.The Danangou catchment,a typical small catchment,was selected to study the effects of land use and its patterns on soil moisture and nutrients in this paper.The results are as follows:The comparisons of soil moisture among seven land uses for wet year and dry year were performed:(1)the average of soil moisture content for whole catchment was 12.11% in wet year,while it was 9.37% in dry year;(2)soil moisture among seven land uses was significantly different in dry year,but not in wet year;(3) form wet year to dry year,the profile type of soil moisture changed from decreasing type to fluctuation-type and from fluctuant type to increasing type;(4)the increasing trend in soil moisture from the top to foot of hillslope occurred in simple land use along slope,while complicated distribution of soil moisture was observed in multiple land uses along slope.The relationships between soil nutrients and land uses and landscape positions were analysed:(1)five nutrient contents of soil organic matter(SOM),total N(TN),available N(AN),total P(TP) and available P(AP) in hilly area were lower than that in other areas.SOM content was less than 1%,TN content less than 0.07%,and TP fallow land and cropland,and higher level in soil fertility was found in crop-fruit intercropping land among croplands;(3)soil nutrient distribution and responses to landscape positions were variable depending on slope and the location of land use types.     

成矿结构体系及其钨矿找矿意义

矿床共生组合和成矿系列是古老的或研究时间较长的概念,在不同矿床类型间的成因联系研究、指导成矿预测和找矿起了不小作用。为了更利于成矿预测和指导找矿,在不同矿床(点、体,种)类型的成因联系研究基础上,进行不同矿床(点、体,种)类型的空间分布规律或空间结构形式的研究,对钨矿新一轮找矿尤为重要。为此,本文首次提出成矿结构体系概念,并对其主要特征、类型、形成机制、钨矿成矿结构体系及其找矿意义进行探讨。