流动注射系统测定海水中Cr~(6+)

设计了Cr6+流动注射自动在线检测系统,并对海水中Cr6+含量的检测条件进行了优化。本系统采用二苯碳酰二肼(DPC)比色原理,通过流动注射技术,结合光电检测、数字信号处理及自动化控制技术,实现了样品的全自动化分析。结果证明,本系统测定速度快(60样/时),线性范围宽(0.004~1.00 mg/L),检出限低(2.17μg/L),精密度高(RSD7.62%),实际水样的加标回收率为92.0%~100.8%。该系统具有简便快速、灵敏稳定、经济环保等优点,适用于海水、地表水、污水等各种水质中Cr6+的在线监测。     

低温柴油吸收工艺在高温油品储罐罐顶废气净化中的应用

采用罐区减排措施和低温馏分油吸收-脱硫工艺处理高温油品罐罐顶废气,在处理气量43.0~384.5 m3/h,柴油流量10~20 m3/h,吸收柴油温度10~15℃条件下,废气经过净化后,硫化氢和有机硫化物去除率大于97.2%,净化气体非甲烷总烃浓度小于8.35 g/m3,均低于GB20950-2007《储油库大气污染物排放标准》和GB 16297-1996《大气污染物综合排放标准》中相关污染物的限值。     

泥炭腐殖化度的测定方法研究

泥炭腐殖化度能反映沉积物中泥炭的分解程度,常被用作恢复古气候与环境的代用指标。本文对当前泥炭腐殖化度的5种测定方法:化学计算法、碱提取溶液吸光度法、经验公式法、标准曲线计算法和灰度度量法进行了系统分析和比较,重点介绍了碱提取溶液吸光度法,并依据哈尼地区的泥炭数据,对碱提取溶液吸光度法测定泥炭腐殖化度的可行性和可靠性进行了检验。     

都匀毛尖茶土壤中总磷含量的调查研究

目的:调查都匀毛尖茶土壤中总磷的含量;方法:以贵州省都匀市毛尖茶产地--螺丝壳山的土壤为研究对象,采用酸法消解,用钼酸铵分光光度法于700 nm波长处测定土壤中总磷含量;结果:都匀螺丝壳山中土壤中总磷含量在177.58 mg·kg-1~353.92 mg·kg-1之间;结论:都匀毛尖茶土壤中的总磷含量在全国基本水平范围以内,总磷含量与土壤的类型、土壤所处海拔高度无明显关系。     

亚甲基蓝分光光度法测定废水硫化物的不确定度评定研究

分析了应用亚甲基蓝分光光度(GB/T16489-1996)测定废水硫化物测试过程中不确定度影响因素,主要来源为硫化物标准溶液、标准曲线拟合、随机效应、分光光度计和取样体积这五部分。本测量合成相对标准不确定度0.025 9;其中由测定样品质量引入的不确定度为0.024 7;由样品体积引入的不确定度为0.007 7。本次废水中硫化物测量结果为:0.110±0.006 mg/L,k=2(包含概率约为95%)。     

太阳能热利用技术发展趋势浅析

能源危机、环境污染呼唤新能源。人类生活、生产都要消耗大量能源,没有充足的能源供应,人类无法生存。迄今为止,人类所使用的一次能源——煤,石油、天然气,大部分都是从地下采挖得来。但上述能源储量有限,根据有关的统计数据,从现在开始,地球中储存的石油和天然气只够30年的开采,煤也只能使用200年。此外,常规能源均为化石燃料,使用中必然排放大量温室气体(如二氧化碳)和有害气体(如造成酸雨的二氧化硫),全球温室效应带来的种种自然灾害,大气的严重污染,人类生存环境和地球生态环境的急剧恶化都为人类敲响了警钟。还世界以蓝天碧水已经成为世界各国共同的意愿。     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中镉

近年来,土壤中的镉污染事件频发,对土壤中镉测定的研究也越来越受到关注,本文以磷酸二氢铵-硝酸镁体系为基体改进剂,通过微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法分析测定土壤中镉,结果表明,该方法镉的检出限为1.96×10-13g。加标回收率为95.9%¹01.4%,相对标准偏差为0.57%,标样的测定结果在不确定度范围内。该方法具有快速、准确、灵敏度高的优点,能满足日常环境监测。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定电路板中金属含量的方法改进

根据样品中被测元素的特点,采用硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸-硼酸-硝酸和硝酸体系,对电路板中金属元素进行消解,用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法对电路板中的金属元素含量进行定量分析。该方法具有简单、准确的特点,可以快速分析电路板中的金属元素含量。     

Expression of sulfur uptake assimilation-related genes in response to cadmium, bensulfuron-methyl and their co-contamination in rice roots

The responses of sulfur （S） uptake assimilation-related genes＇ expression in roots of two rice cultivars to cadmium （Cd）, bensulfuron-methyl （BSM） and their co-contamination （Cd＋BSM） were investigated by gene-chip microarray analysis and quantitative real-time PCR （QRT-PCR） technology. Treatments of Cd and Cd＋BSM induced expression of sulfate transporter and permease genes, and promoted sulfate uptake in rice roots. Cd＋BSM could alleviate Cd toxicity to cv. Fengmeizhan seedlings, probably due to Cd＋BSM promoting greater S absorption by seedlings. Cd and Cd＋BSM induced expression of sulfate assimilation-related genes, and thus activated the sulfur assimilation pathway. Cd and Cd＋BSM induced expression of phytochelatin synthase and metallothionein genes, and induced expression of glutathione S-transferases （GSTs）, glutathione synthase （GS） and S- containing antioxidation enzyme genes, which detoxified Cd2＋. It is suggested that （to cope with the toxicity of Cd, BSM and their co-contamination） the S uptake and assimilation pathway was activated in rice roots by increased expression of related genes, thus enhancing the supply of organic S for synthesis of Cd or BSM resistance-related substances.     

Nitrogen mass balance in a constructed wetland treating piggery wastewater effluent

The nitrogen changes and the nitrogen mass balance in a free water surface flow constructed wetland （CW） using the four-year monitoring data from 2008 to 2012 were estimated. The CW was composed of six cells in series that include the first settling basin （Cell 1）, aeration pond （Cell 2）, deep marsh （Cell 3）, shallow marsh （Cell 4）, deep marsh （Cell 5） and final settling basin （Cell 6）. Analysis revealed that the NH4＋-N concentration decreased because of ammonification which was then followed by nitrification. The NO4＋-N and NO4＋-N were also further reduced by means of microbial activities and plant uptake during photosynthesis. The average nitrogen concentration at the influent was 37,819 kg/year and approximately 45% of that amount exited the CW in the effluent. The denitrification amounted to 34% of the net nitrogen input, whereas the accretion of sediment was only 7%. The biomass uptake of plants was able to retain only 1% of total nitrogen load. In order to improve the nutrient removal by plant uptake, plant coverage in four cells （i.e., Cells 1, 3, 4 and 5） could be increased.