Particle concentration effect in adsorption/desorption of Zn(Ⅱ) on anatase type nano TiO_2

Adsorption/desorption in a new Zn(Ⅱ)-TiO_2 adsorption system was investigated at different particle concentrations(C_p).TEM,SEM and XRD analyses revealed that the TiO_2 particles were an aggregation of nano-sized(approximately 10 nm)pure anatase-type TiO_2. Adsorption experiments were carried out with particle concentrations of 100,400 and 1000 mg/L,and their adsorption isotherms were found to decline successively,showing an obvious C_p effect.Desorption experiments indicated that adsorption in this system was irreversible,and the irreversibility increased with increasing C_p.These phenomena could be explained by the MEA(metastable equilibrium adsorption)theory and the C_p effect could be modeled well with an MEA-Freundlich-type C_p effect isotherm equation. This study may help understand environmental behavior of contaminants on ultrafine natural particles.     

典型污染场地六六六残留特征分析

在历史上受某六六六(HCH)生产企业污染的场地采集土壤样品,分析和研究土壤中HCH的污染水平和污染分布趋势.结果表明,∑HCH值最大为271.72 mg·kg-1,HCH污染主要集中在表层(深度:0～20 cm)、亚表层(深度:20～40 cm)土壤,表层、亚表层土壤中HCH含量远高于深层(深度:40～150 cm)土壤中HCH含量;β-HCH含量最高,远高于其他3种异构体;通过Kriging法插值,画出表层土壤中∑HCH的等值线图,可清晰地看出HCH的分布趋势.本污染场地表层的硬化阻止了雨水的浸润作用,使HCH向下迁移缓慢,HCH含量随深度增加而降低,HCH污染深度较浅.     

Kinetics of selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH_3 on Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst

The catalyst of Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 has been found to be more active than Fe-ZSM-5 and Mo/ZSM-5 separately for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitric oxide (NO) with NH_3.The kinetics of the SCR reaction in the presence of O_2 was studied in this work.The results showed that the observed reaction orders were 0.74-0.99,0.01-0.13,and 0 for NO,O_2 and NH_3 at 350-450℃,respectively. And the apparent activation energy of the SCR was 65 kJ/mol on the Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst.The SCR mechanism was also deduced. Adsorbed NO species can react directly with adsorbed ammonia species on the active sites to form N_2 and H_2O.Gaseous O_2 might serve as a reoxidizing agent for the active sites that have undergone reduction in the SCR process.It is also important to note that a certain amount of NO was decomposed directly over the Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst in the absence of NH_3.     

regionalclimate Characteristics of regional climate change and pattern analysis on Ordos Plateau

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氯化石蜡的人体暴露研究进展

短链氯化石蜡具有持久性有机污染物的特性，是列入《关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约》全球管控的有机物，氯化石蜡在人体内蓄积，造成健康风险.为研究氯化石蜡的人体暴露情况，对近20年来的相关论文进行综述.氯化石蜡的人体暴露途径可以大致分为外部暴露途径和内部暴露途径.外部暴露主要来自食物（饮食摄入）、空气（呼吸吸入）和室内灰尘（灰尘摄入和皮肤吸入）.对于内部暴露，目前在人体血液（血浆或血清）、母乳、胎盘、头发和指甲中均已检测到氯化石蜡.与普通成年人群相比，儿童以及婴幼儿外部暴露氯化石蜡的风险较高.中国由于较大的生产和使用量，人群暴露量相对较高.目前需加强氯化石蜡分析方法的可比性，以及氯化石蜡在人体的蓄积代谢研究等.同时，血液（血清或血浆）和母乳以外的其他生物指标中链和长链氯化石蜡人体暴露风险评估的研究也应得到重视.     

Treatment of phenol wastewater by microwave-induced CIO_2-CuO_x/Al_2O_3 catalytic oxidation process

The catalyst of CuO_x/Al_2O_3 was prepared by the dipping-sedimentation method usingγ-Al_2O_3 as a supporter.CuO and Cu_2O were loaded on the surface of Al_2O_3,characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).In the presence of CuO_x/Al_2O_3,the microwave-induced chlorine dioxide(ClO_2) catalytic oxidation process was conducted for the treatment of synthetic wastewater containing 100 mg/L phenol.The factors influencing phenol removal were investigated and the results showed that microwave-induced ClO_2-CuO_x/Al_2O_3 process could effectively degrade contaminants in a short reaction time with a low oxidant dosage,extensive pH range.Under a given condition(ClO_2 concentration 80 mg/L,microwave power 50 W,contact time 5 min,catalyst dosage 50 g/L,pH 9),phenol removal percentage approached 92.24%,corresponding to 79.13% of COD_(Cr) removal.The removal of phenol by microwave-induced ClO_2-CuO_x/Al_2O_3 catalytic oxidation process was a complicated non-homogeneous solid/water reaction, which fitted pseudo-first-order by kinetics.Compared with traditional ClO_2 oxidation,ClO_2 catalytic oxidation and microwave-induced ClO_2 oxidation,microwave-induced ClO_2 catalytic oxidation system could significantly enhance the degradation efficiency.It provides an effective technology for the removal of phenol wastewater.     

不同施氮水平对玉米产量、氮素利用效率及土壤无机氮含量的影响

通过研究不同施氮水平对玉米产量、氮素利用率及土壤硝态氮(NO3--N)和铵态氮(NH4+-N)残留量的影响,为氮肥的合理利用提供依据.在黑龙江省农业科学院科技园区布置田间小区试验,结果显示:玉米产量随施氮量增加而增加,施氮量为165 kg·hm-2时,氮肥利用率最高,当施氮量高于165 kg·hm-2,产量反而有降低的趋势,过量施氮也并不能增加玉米对氮素的吸收,因而氮素利用率也随施氮量的增加而降低.玉米收获后土壤剖面无机态氮质量分数的变化因施氮量的不同而表现出差异,0~80 cm土层硝态氮积累量随氮肥输入量的增加而显著增加,以表层(0~40 cm)硝态氮质量分数最高,中间层(60~80 cm)质量分数最低,100 cm以下土层以施氮量为165 kg·hm-2的处理土壤硝态氮积累量最低,降低了硝态氮淋溶风险;铵态氮的质量分数相对较低,不同的施氮量对土壤铵态氮质量分数的影响主要在0~20 cm土层,铵态氮质量分数与施氮量并无显著的相关关系.综合考虑玉米产量、氮素利用率与生态环境效益,以165 kg·hm-2(优化施氮量)为最佳氮肥施用量.     

岷江干旱河谷灌木幼苗的土壤养分适应性研究

岷江上游干旱河谷地区的植被恢复是目前急需解决的问题,小马鞍羊蹄甲（Bauhinia faberi var. microphylla）是干旱河谷地区的优势乡土灌木,并作为当地植被恢复过程中的重要备选物种,因而进行小马鞍羊蹄甲种群在土壤贫瘠的干旱河谷的养分限制研究十分必要。针对性地进行施肥将影响到小马鞍羊蹄甲幼苗存活、生长和定殖,而如何有效提高该物种的存活和生长速率对于干旱河谷植被恢复将具有重要的意义。采用野外调查与模拟实验相结合的方法,分别研究了干旱河谷地区3个典型群落（干旱河谷的核心区——飞虹,干旱河谷灌丛与亚高山森林的过渡区——北部的石大关、干旱河谷灌丛与温性森林的过渡区——南部的蓝新镇）中小马鞍羊蹄甲幼苗叶片的化学计量特征,和施肥试验[w（有效氮）分别为100、280、460 mg·kg–1、w（有效磷）分别为12、24、48 mg·kg–1、w（氮）分别为40、70、100 mg·kg–1、w（磷）分别为12和24 mg·kg–1]中叶片化学计量特征及幼苗生长参数（叶片数、基径和株高）和各器官（根茎叶）生物量。结果表明：在野外各演替阶段的小马鞍羊蹄甲幼苗生物量和营养元素质量分数都随着磷肥的增加而增加,表明磷素是植物生长的限制因子,同时N∶P比均大于16,也暗示其受到P养分的限制;在室内施肥试验中,施加N肥没有促进小马鞍羊蹄甲生物量的积累,反而抑制了幼苗生长;施加P肥促进了幼苗生物量的积累,表明幼苗缺乏P元素,养分限制类型为P限制。