Evaluating the effectiveness of marine actinobacterial extract and its mediated titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the degradation of azo dyes

Aim of the present study was to synthesize titanium dioxide nanoparticles （YiO2 NPs） from marine actinobacteria and to develop an eco-friendly azo-dye degradation method. A total of five actinobacterial isolates were isolated from Chennai marine sediments, Tamilnadu, India and analyzed for the synthesis of TiO2 NPs using titanium hydroxide. Among these, the isolate PSV 3 showed positive results for the synthesis of TiO2 NPs, which was confirmed by UV analysis. Further characterization of the synthesized TiO2 NPs was done using XRD, AFM and FI＇-IR analysis. Actinobacterial crude extract and synthesized TiO2 NPs was found efficient in degrading azo dye such as Acid Red 79 （AR-79） and Acid Red 80 （AR-80）. Degradation percentage was found to be 81% for AR-79, 83% for AR-80 using actinobacterial crude extract and 84% for AR-79, 85% for AR-80 using TiO2 NPs. Immobilized actinobacterial ceils showed 88% for AR-79 and 81% for AR- 80, dye degrading capacity. Degraded components were characterized by FT-IR and GC-MS analysis. The phytotoxicity test with 500 μg/mL of untreated dye showed remarkable phenotypic as well as cellular damage to Tagetes erecta plant. Comparatively no such damage was observed on plants by degraded dye components. In biotoxicity assay, treated dyes showed less toxic effect as compared to the untreated dyes.     

Reaction mechanism and metal ion transformation in photocatalytic ozonation of phenol and oxalic acid with Ag+/TiO2

Photocatalytic ozonation of phenol and oxalic acid （OA） was conducted with a Ag^＋/TiO2 catalyst and different pathways were found for the degradation of different compounds. Ag^＋ greatly promoted the photocatalytic degradation of contaminants due to its role as an electron scavenger. It also accelerated the removal rate of OA in ozonation and the simultaneous process for its complex reaction with oxalate. Phenol could be degraded both in direct ozonation and photolysis, but the TOC removal rates were much higher in the simultaneous processes due to the oxidation of hydroxyl radicals resulting from synergetic effects. The sequence of photo-illumination and ozone exposure in the combined process showed quite different effects in phenol degradation and TOC removal. The synergetic effects in different combined processes were found to be highly related to the properties of the target pollutants. The color change of the solution and TEM result confirmed that Ag＋ was easily reduced and deposited on the surface of Tit2 under photo-illumination, and dissolved again into solution in the presence of ozone. This simple cycle of enrichment and distribution of Ag^＋ can greatly benefit the design of advanced oxidation processes, in which the sequences of ozone and photo-illumination can be varied according to the needs for catalyst recycling and the different properties of pollutants.     

Review of the progress in preparing nano Ti02： An important environmental engineering material

TiO2 nanomaterial is promising with its high potential and outstanding performance in photocatalytic environmental applications, such as CO2 conversion, water treatment, and air quality control. For many of these applications, the particle size, crystal structure and phase, porosity, and surface area influence the activity of TiO2 dramatically. TiO2 nanomaterials with special structures and morphologies, such as nanospheres, nanowires, nanotubes, nanorods, and nanoflowers are thus synthesized due to their desired characteristics. With an emphasis on the different morphologies of TiO2 and the influence factors in the synthesis, this review summarizes fourteen TiO2 preparation methods, such as the sol-gel method, solvothermal method, and reverse micelle method. The TiO2 formation mechanisms, the advantages and disadvantages of the preparation methods, and the photocatalytic environmental application examples are proposed as well.     

速读

<正>给大笨钟穿上太阳能电池板为了争取达到2020年温室气体减排34%这个雄伟目标,英国国会正寻求议会关于房地产的意见,打算给大笨钟穿上一层太阳能电池板,以此来减少碳排放并提高能源效率。大笨钟建于1859年,安装在西敏寺桥北议会大厦东侧高96米的钟楼上,钟楼四面的圆形钟盘,直径为6.7米,是伦敦的传统地标。2012年,国会将其更名为伊丽莎白塔。     

高水压载荷下软硬原煤瓦斯渗流试验研究

采用二次成型法成功地制作同一煤矿的硬煤和软煤原煤样,并在高水压加载前后使用自行设计的瓦斯渗流试验装置对两种典型原煤煤样的瓦斯渗透率的变化规律进行研究。结果表明:高水压加载前后,两种原煤样的瓦斯渗透率的变化规律差异较大,硬煤原煤样在高水压作用下,煤体内部发生脆性变形,其裂隙得到充分扩张、衍生,形成贯通裂隙网,有效孔隙度增加,煤样瓦斯渗透率较加载前大幅提高;相反,软煤原煤样在高水压作用下,煤体内部发生塑性变形,煤体被水压实,其原生裂隙也被堵塞,瓦斯的流动性更进一步弱化,煤样瓦斯渗透率较加载前大大降低。     

高陡岩质边坡植被修复的立地条件研究——以洛阳市宜阳锦屏山为例

以洛阳市宜阳锦屏山采石场高陡岩质边坡为例,通过对锦屏山高陡岩质边坡岩壁裂隙发育情况、裂隙的温湿度和裂隙内土壤肥力等植物立地条件的调查与分析,认为岩壁发育的裂隙可为植物提供充足的水分和根系发育空间,裂隙内留存的土壤肥力高可为植物生长提供养分,裂隙内的温湿度条件适宜植物的正常生长,因此若能对这些岩壁条件合理利用,并加以适当的人工改造,可实现高陡岩质边坡的快速覆绿,对废弃采石场陡壁小生境生态恢复重建具有重要的意义。     

TiO2/粉煤灰光催化降解双氯芬酸钠研究

以燃煤电厂外排的废弃物粉煤灰(CFA)为载体,采用混合泥浆法将TiO2负载在CFA的表面,得到一种新型的复合光催化剂TiO2/CFA.对TiO2/CFA进行了扫描电镜分析、X射线衍射分析和氮吸附测试,并以双氯芬酸钠的光催化降解为评价手段,研究了TiO2负载量对TiO2/CFA光催化性能及重复使用性能的影响.结果表明,TiO2负载量的增加有助于提高TiO2/CFA的光催化性能,但当TiO2负载量过高时,CFA上的TiO2在水处理过程中容易脱落,对TiO2/CFA光催化剂的重复使用性能不利.本研究中,最佳的TiO2负载量约为50%,循环使用6次,其光催化降解效率没有明显降低,双氯芬酸钠的降解率均可达70%以上.     

低碳氮比条件下膜生物反应器处理高氨氮废水时稳定亚硝化过程的建立

以人工配制高氨氮低碳氮比(C/N)废水为进水,采用膜生物工艺,通过控制亚硝化池内温度为28~30℃,溶解氧浓度为0.5 mg/L,水力停留时间为12 h,pH为7.8~8.0,进水氨氮浓度为200 mg/L、CODCr为40 mg/L,在亚硝化池中成功实现了C/N为1∶5条件下废水的亚硝化。经过14 d的运行时间,污泥龄控制在100 d,在膜生物反应器(MBR反应器)中得到了稳定的亚硝酸盐氮积累。将氨氮浓度分别提高至400和800 mg/L的情况下,其亚硝化菌的耐受浓度负荷冲击能力均较强。     

LNG泄漏扩散与抑制技术研究

分析了液化天然气(LNG)泄漏的危害、扩散过程及影响因素,总结了国内外相关LNG标准中涉及的泄漏扩散抑制技术及针对LNG泄漏扩散开展的抑制实验研究,分析了强制水幕、防护堤设置和高倍数泡沫等抑制技术的优缺点,为有效控制LNG泄漏扩散提供参考和指导.     

利用生命周期评价方法评估高产粮田的面源污染潜在风险

将生命周期评价(LCA)方法引入农业系统,以山东桓台县为例,从农业系统外部投入的源头入手,对高投入高产出粮区粮食生产的潜在面源污染风险进行全面预测和评估。结果表明,在冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系中,富营养化面源污染潜力(EP)最大,其次是水体毒性潜力(AEP),环境酸化潜力(AP)最弱。夏玉米的各类指标均高于冬小麦,且夏玉米的EP、AEP和冬小麦的EP值都超过了2000年世界人均环境影响潜值。冬小麦和夏玉米的IP指数(IP)分别是1.08和1.45,夏玉米的IP比冬小麦高34%。在冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系中,夏玉米对面源污染的贡献高于冬小麦。氮肥的施用对AP和EP的贡献率分别达到99.75%和88.06%,农药的施用量决定了AEP的大小。根据农业面源污染综合防控技术示范区养分管理优化方案推荐的施肥量,测算可知优化后冬小麦和夏玉米的IP分别降低2.91%和18.35%,但夏玉米的IP仍然高于冬小麦。因此,控制氮肥和农药的施用量等源头减量措施是农业面源污染防控的关键。