印刷电路组件吸湿性尘粒人工模拟试验中关键因素的控制

吸湿性尘粒人工模拟试验(简称湿尘试验)是一种新型的环境试验。通过对试验方法和试验过程中各环节的研究,确定了试验时应把握的关键因素,并最终总结了试验中关键因素控制的方法。这些方法可为湿尘试验的开展提供借鉴作用。     

Observations of relative humidity in the near-wake of a wind turbine using an instrumented unmanned aerial system

Simulation, modeling, and limited observations have shown that wind farms have an impact on the near-surface atmospheric boundary layer as turbulent wakes enhance vertical mixing of momentum, heat, and moisture. The few observational datasets that do exist lack high spatial resolution due to their use of a limited number of meteorological sensors or remote sensing techniques. This study utilizes an instrumented small unmanned aerial system to gather high-resolution in situ field measurements in order to differentially map near-wake changes to relative humidity. Observations show that downstream relative humidity is differentially altered in the vertical, spanwise and downstream directions.     

用于库房温湿度控制的太阳能发电系统研究

设计了采用离网光伏发电和大容量蓄电池储能为基本供电模式的智能库房温湿度监控系统,以太阳能发电系统关键技术为研究重点,分析建立了与气候条件和库房管理要求相关联的发电系统负载计算、发电系统容量计算的数学理论方法,阐述了太阳能电池板优化原理,为太阳能发电技术在库房温湿度环境控制上的应用提供了模式和方法。     

黔中地区不同林龄马尾松小气候特征研究

以黔中地区不同林龄马尾松人工林为研究对象,采用时空替代法,选取农田（对照）、林窗、中林龄、近熟林、成熟林和过熟林6个样地,每月选择代表日分时段测量光照强度、光通量密度、气温、相对湿度、蒸气压亏损和风速等小气候指标,同时对样地内不同垂直高度（0.5,1.0和1.5m）观测指标进行比较.结果表明：（1）除风速随测量高度变化（1.5m > 1.0m > 0.5m）差异极显著外（P<0.01）,其余观测指标随测量高度均无显著差异（P>0.05）.（2）观测时段内,不同林龄马尾松林小气候均存在显著性差异（P<0.05）,其中光照强度、光通量密度、气温、蒸气压亏损和风速变化为农田 > 林窗 > 马尾松林;相对湿度变化为马尾松林 > 林窗 > 农田.（3）与农田相比,马尾松林分别降低了光照强度、光通量密度、气温、蒸气压亏损和风速的917.36%、837.35%、5.33%、30.77%、193.58%,增加了6.39%的相对湿度,具有显著的遮阳降温、增湿保湿、维持林冠下小气候稳定的作用.在演替前期,抵挡阳光和风速的效果明显,而在后期,降温增湿以及保湿效果显著.舒适度评价显示,除冬季外,黔中地区马尾松林可发挥良好的森林康养和游憩生态功能.     

改性聚乙烯醇树脂恒湿性能研究

制备了聚乙烯醇(PVA)吸附性树脂,根据弹药贮存环境湿度的变化,设计了测定产品恒湿性能的实验装置,利用该装置测试表明,该树脂具有一定的恒湿性能,当产品用量为1.5 g、90%RH下预吸湿4 h,其恒湿范围是45.3%~67.7%RH,满足弹药贮存对环境湿度的要求。     

哀牢山（西南季风山地）空气湿度资源的分布特征

根据哀牢山北段东、西坡山地不同海拔８个气象站的同期湿度资料，研讨了该山地空气湿度资源的年变化、东坡与西坡差异及其垂直分布特征。结果表明：湿度最大值在７月出现，最小值在２～３月出现；西坡的湿度资源优于东坡，尤其是干季，西坡的增湿效应最显著；年均湿度随高度变化一般呈线性分布，水汽压随海拔升高而降低，相对湿度仅在雨季随海拔高度升高而增加，而在干季则与海拔高度相关性最差。     

中国海滨旅游地气候适宜性评价

选定我国２５个滨海城市和１２个岛屿共计３７个测站的四项指标（气温、风速、相对湿度、日照时数的多年月平均值）３０多个系列年资料，对海滨城市和近岸岛屿的气候进行了系统分析。研究发现，我国的渤海湾沿岸海滨城市和海南南部城市有长达４～６个月的度假和休疗养的气候条件，它们在季节上有着较强的互补性，相比之下，其他海滨城市适宜旅游季节不长，且分成春、秋两个时段，综合条件不太理想。     

动车组关键板卡失效分析与预防措施

目的 对动车组关键板卡进行失效分析,并提出预防改进措施.方法 通过对动车组运用过程中的环境分析,确定影响板卡性能的主要因素为温度与湿度应力.为缩短试验周期,设计恒温恒湿加速应力试验,快速暴露板卡及其元器件的薄弱环节.试验中受应力影响,板卡与元器件发生了不同程度的失效.通过对失效部件的物理化学性能进行分析,对板卡的使用环境与分析方法提出建议.结果 动车组板卡在高温高湿环境下的失效模式为电性能故障,由于密封不良,电感表面有纤毛和白色附着物,工作时温度过热导致漆包膜破损,从而使电感失效,焊点、PCB基材与三防漆未检测到失效老化.结论 电感、MOS管、电解电容等元器件受温湿度应力影响较大,且板卡的密封与使用环境也影响着板卡的使用寿命,日常使用应注重散热与密封.通过该项目研究为板卡失效预防提供了可行方法.     

The measurement of roadway PM10 emission rates using atmospheric tracer ratio techniques

In this work, stationary and mobile point source tracer release techniques have been used to determine PM₁₀ emission rates from four-lane commercial/residential paved roads under sanded and unsanded conditions, and from unpaved roads relative to site-specific vehicular and ambient parameters. Measured street (4 + lanes; ? 10,000 vehicles per day) emission factors for unsanded and sanded roads were 40 and 20% lower, respectively, than the EPA approved reference value. The sanded road emission factor was approximately 40% higher than that for the unsanded road. These results indicate a consistent relationship between PM₁₀ and relative humidity under unsanded conditions. There is some evidence to suggest that street sweeping has a measurable effect on PM,, emission reduction during periods of low relative humidity (i.e. ? 30%). Within the constraints imposed by the variable experimental conditions, the emission factors determined for unpaved roads agreed reasonably well with the unpaved road empirical formula. Limited correlations were observed with ambient meteorological parameters. The capability of the “upwind-dowiawind” concentration modeling method to predict accurate emission was tested using a Gaussian dispersion model (SIMFLUX). Predictions agreed well with the experimentally determined emission factors.     

Influence of ozone, relative humidity, and flow rate on the deposition and oxidation of sulfur dioxide on yellow sand

To evaluate the influences of O₃, relative humidity (RH), and flow rate on the reaction between yellow sand and SO₂, the SO₂ deposition velocity and the oxidation state of sulfur were investigated by means of exposure experiments in a cylindrical flow reactor. Early in the reaction, the deposition velocity was not influenced by the RH or the presence of O₃; as the reaction progressed, however, the deposition velocity increased in the presence of O₃ and at high humidity. The oxidation of sulfur from S(IV) to S(VI) was also enhanced under these conditions. The amount of sulfur oxidation was positively correlated with the amount of deposited O₃. Furthermore, the SO₂ deposition velocity increased with increasing flow rate. However, changes in the flow rate had no noticeable effect on the amount of SO₂ oxidation.