石洞口污水处理厂运行管理机制探讨

石洞口污水处理厂是上海苏州河综合整治的重要项目,由上海是政府建设、上海城投污水处理有限公司运行的示范工程。污水处理厂已运营多年,在上海市的减排体系中担负着重要角色,这种成功的建设、运营模式显现出了一定的经济、环境、社会效益,保证了污水处理厂良性运行,对其它城市的污水处理也具有一定的借鉴作用。     

太湖大型水生植物的现状与管理研究

随着太湖地区的经济发展及湖泊资源的利用,太湖大型水生植物的爆发性生长已经成为提高太湖水质、维持生态系统稳定的严重阻碍。大型水生植物死亡后可能会导致水质异常,进而给饮用水安全带来威胁。本文依据对太湖主要湖区大型水生植物的群落结构、分布范围、季节更替的研究,表述了大型水生植物监管的现状及问题,提出构建了太湖大型水生植物暴发应急防控与长效监管体系,为政府部门实施系统性监管提供支撑,并在全国湖泊大型水生植物监管方面发挥积极的示范作用。     

农产品产地环境长期定位监测进展、问题与对策研究

农产品产地环境长期定位监测是加强农产品产地安全管理、保障农产品安全的基础性工作,具有重要的战略与现实意义。本文简要评述了中国农产品产地环境长期定位监测工作进展与发展趋势,从规划布局、管理方式、数据汇交、监测评价手段等方面分析了存在的问题,提出了战略层面高度重视、开展统一规划布局、科学选定监测内容、实现数据统一管理、稳定长效经费保障等具体对策,以期推进工作长效运行、发挥效用。     

粮食产量预测理论、方法与应用Ⅲ.粮食生产潜力中、长期预测理论、模型及其应用

粮食生产潜力中、长期预测的目的是为国家中、长期粮食生产规划提供科学依据。粮食生产潜力中、长期预测的“双向预测理论”：从若干个预测模型中选择出2个模型,一个模型预测的未来产量是持续增加的,体现产量持续增加的科技进步力量;另一个模型预测的未来产量是先增加后减少或持续减少的,体现影响产量持续增加的负面综合因素力量。应用结果表明：模型可预测未来1~10年的粮食生产潜力,平均预测误差在5％以内。大量案例证明粮食生产潜力中、长期预测的“双向预测理论”是科学的、方法是通用的、结果是实用的。     

EFFECTS OF INTERANNUAL VARIATION OF PRECIPITATION ON STREAM DISCHARGE FROM RHODE RIVER SUBWATERSHEDS1

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between precipitation at the seasonal and annual scale and water discharge per surface area for seven contiguous first - and second-order tributaries of the Rhode River, a small tidal tributary to Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, USA. The goal was to quantify the effects of a wide range of precipitation, representative of inter-annual variations in weather in this region. The discharges measured included both overland storm flows and groundwater, since the aquifers were perched on a clay aquiclude. Precipitation varied from 824 to 1684 mm/yr and area-weighted Rhode River watershed discharge varied from 130 to 669 mm/yr with an average of 332 mm/yr or 29.1 percent of average precipitation. Average annual dis. charges from three first-order watersheds were significantly lower per surface area and varied from 16.0 to 21.9 percent of precipitation. Winter season precipitation varied from 125 to 541 mm. Area-weighted Rhode River winter discharge varied from 26.3 to 230 mm with an average of 115 mm or 43.9 percent of average precipitation. Spring season precipitation varied from 124 to 510 mm and watershed discharge varied from 40.0 to 321 mm with an average of 138 mm or 46.9 percent of average precipitation. In the summer and fall seasons, watershed discharge averaged 40.6 and 40.9 mm or 13.5 and 14.3 percent of average precipitation, respectively. Except in winter, the proportion of precipitation discharged in the streams increased rapidly with increasing volume of precipitation. Stream order showed a higher correlation with volume of discharge than vegetative cover on the watershed.     

舰船波浪载荷响应特性及砰击载荷影响因素分析

目的 获取波浪载荷特征,提供准确的设计载荷输入,为舰船结构设计服务。方法 采用波浪载荷水池模型试验和理论预报对比的方法,给出波浪载荷传递函数响应曲线,验证理论预报结果的正确性。基于长期预报结果,分析波浪载荷沿船长的分布规律,通过改变超越概率和舰船装载状态,研究二者对波浪载荷的影响。基于模型试验结果,阐释航速引起的砰击弯矩的变化规律。之后,通过改变舷侧外伸平台的宽度、角度、高度等参数,分析参数变化对砰击载荷的影响,揭示波浪载荷的变化规律。结果 模型试验结果同理论预报结果吻合较好。垂向剪力、扭矩长期预报结果沿船长呈现双峰值形状,垂向弯矩和水平弯矩长期预报结果沿船长呈现抛物线形状,波浪载荷长期预报结果随超越概率呈大致线性变化关系。大波高、高航速试验工况下,船体弯矩呈现特别明显的非线性特征,舷侧外伸平台宽度越大、角度越小、高度越低,砰击载荷就越严重。结论 波高、航速等对砰击弯矩的影响显著,舰船在使用过程中,若要减少砰击的发生,可考虑规避大浪和主动减速。在舰船结构设计阶段,若要减小舷侧外伸平台产生的砰击载荷分量,应从平台的大小、位置、角度等参数的设计确定入手。     

COVID-19 and individual performance in global virtual teams: The role of self-regulation and individual cultural value orientations

Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, global virtual teams (GVTs) have become increasingly important. Drawing on conservation of resources theory and self-regulation theory, we examined the mechanism and process underlying individuals' performance in GVTs in this specific situation. We posit that the local severity of the pandemic has a negative effect on individuals' performance in GVTs and that self-regulation functions as a coping mechanism in times of pandemic-related ambient stress, reducing its negative effect on performance. We suggest that three cultural value orientations, that is, uncertainty avoidance, collectivism, and long-term orientation, explain different levels of self-regulation, which in turn moderates the relationship between the local severity of the pandemic and individual performance in GVTs. Based on a sample of 2727 individuals from 31 countries participating in an international business consulting project during the early stage of the unfolding pandemic, we show that (a) the local severity of the pandemic had a negative effect on individuals' performance, (b) the negative effect of the pandemic on performance is weaker for individuals with high self-regulation, and (c) uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation are positively associated with self-regulation, which mediates the moderating relationship between the cultural value orientations and the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and individual performance in GVTs.     

2010—2016年上海城区臭氧长时间序列变化特征初探

基于2010—2016年上海城区近地面大气臭氧（O₃）的连续在线观测数据，研究了上海城区O₃长时间序列变化规律和污染特征.结果表明，近7年来上海城区O₃污染逐渐凸显，但总体以轻度污染为主，7—8月高温炎热季节以中度污染居多.城区O₃-8 h（臭氧日最大8 h滑动平均）年均增速为3.81 μg·m^-3·a^-1，99%和95%分位值增速较快，分别为6.65和4.94 μg·m^-3·a^-1；25%、50%和75%分位值的增速在3.06~4.45 μg·m^-3·a^-1之间.春季O₃浓度均值较高，年际变化小；夏季极值较高，且污染超标情况最为突出；秋季O₃浓度次于春、夏季，冬季最低；夏、秋和冬季O₃浓度总体呈上升态势.O₃日变化呈"单峰型"，最大值出现在13：00左右，且峰值逐年增加，污染持续时间变长，最小值出现在早晨7：00.城区O₃"周末效应"逐渐减弱.基于KZ过滤器方法的数据分析结果表明，上海城区O₃-8 h长期变化主要受O₃-BF（O₃-8 h的基准组分）影响；O₃-SF（O₃-8 h的天气影响组分）在5—9月对O₃-8 h影响较大，其范围为-98.85~139.60 μg·m^-3.