降解1,2,4-三氯苯的硝基还原假单胞菌J5-1的分离鉴定和邻苯二酚1,2-双加氧酶基因的克隆

从受氯苯污染的土壤中分离到1株以1,2,4-三氯苯为唯一碳源生长的细菌,命名为J5-1.根据其生理生化特征和16S rDNA(GenBank Accession No.EF107515)序列相似性分析,将该菌株初步鉴定为硝基还原假单胞菌(Pseudomonas nitroreducens).当1,2,4-三氯苯初始浓度为400 mg/L时,J5-1对其最大降解率接近90%;当1,2,4-三氯苯浓度初始为20 mg/L时,降解效果最好.J5-1对1,2,4-TCB的降解服从一级反应动力学.从J5-1的基因组DNA中克隆到CC120的全长序列.     

Phosphorus accumulation by bacteria isolated from a ontinuous-flow two-sludge system

In this article, polyphosphate-accumulating organisms （PAOs） from a lab-scale continuous-flow two-sludge system was isolated and identified, the different phosphorus accumulation characteristics of the isolates under anoxic and aerobic conditions were investigated. Two kinds of PAOs were both found in the anoxic zones of the two-sludge system, one of them utilized only oxygen as electron aeceptor, and the other one utilized either nitrate or oxygen as electron aeceptor. Of the total eight isolates, five isolates were capable of utilizing both nitrate and oxygen as electron acceptors to uptake phosphorus to some extent. And three of the five isolates showed good phosphorus accumulative capacities both under anoxic or aerobic conditions, two identified as Alcaligenes and one identified as Pseudomonas. Streptococcus was observed weak anoxic phosphorus accumulation because of its weak denitrification capacity, but it showed good phosphorus accumulation capacity under aerobic conditions. One isolates identified as Enterobacteriaceae was proved to be a special species of PAOs, which could only uptake small amounts of phosphorus under anoxic conditions, although its denitrification capacity and aerobic phosphorus accumulation capacity were excellent.     

缺陷假单胞菌M5R14粗酶液降解拟除虫菊酯类农药特性初探

以分离于杭州农药厂污水排放污泥的1株可降解多种拟除虫菊酯类农药的菌株--缺陷假单胞菌M5R14为对象,采用直接离心分离提取和超声波破碎提取的方法获得菌株M5R14的胞外和胞内粗酶,初步探讨了该菌株粗酶液降解拟除虫菊酯类农药的特性.研究表明该菌株降解拟除虫菊酯类农药的酶为胞内酶,粗酶液对联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯和氯氰菊酯3种拟...     

鼠李糖脂对假单胞菌GP3A降解芘的性能及细胞表面性质的影响

在实验室可控条件下,研究了生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂对假单胞菌GP3A生长情况、降解芘(初始浓度为15 mg·L-1)性能以及降解过程中菌体表面性质(细胞表面疏水性、菌体Zeta电位)的影响.结果表明,鼠李糖脂明显促进了GP3A的生长,当鼠李糖脂浓度为200 mg·L-1和500 mg·L-1时,72 h时菌体的生长量比未...     

铜绿假单胞菌对白腐菌产木质纤维素降解酶的影响

采用固态发酵的方法,考察了两株不同型号的铜绿假单胞菌（AB93066和ATCC9027）对白腐菌（黄孢原毛平革菌）产木质纤维素降解酶（木素过氧化物酶LiP、锰过氧化物酶MnP和羧甲基纤维素酶CMCase）的影响,并对酶提取液的pH值、表面张力及稻草降解残渣中挥发性有机质含量的变化进行了分析.结果表明,添加5.72%的A...     

异养硝化细菌Pseudomonas putida YH的脱氮特性及降解动力学

针对传统污水处理过程脱氮处理效率低、工艺流程复杂、抗高氨氮冲击负荷能力弱等问题,以具有高效脱氮能力的异养硝化细菌Pseudomonas putida YH为研究对象,开展其生理生化特性、脱氮性能、影响因子及动力学分析.结果表明,菌株YH具有高效的异养硝化能力,氨氮最大去除率达99.1%,约53%的去除总氮转化为胞内氮,反应过程仅有少量的硝化中间产物积累;菌株YH还能够在好氧条件利用亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐进行生长代谢,最大去除率分别为99.8%和99.5%.同时,结合反硝化功能基因napA和nirK的PCR成功扩增,进一步证明菌株YH具有好氧反硝化特性;菌株YH生长特性与Logistic模型相匹配（R²>0.99）,氮素降解过程则符合Compertz模型（R²>0.99）,拟合所得氮素最大转化速率R_m为氨氮 > 硝氮 > 亚硝氮,迟滞时间t₀为硝氮 > 亚硝氮 > 氨氮;异养硝化最佳的条件是碳源为琥珀酸钠、C/N=10、T=30℃、r为160~200 r·min^-1以及pH=7,最优条件下平均氨氧化速率和R_m分别为8.35 mg·（L·h）^-1和16.71 mg·（L·h）^-1;菌株YH能够适应较宽范围的氨氮负荷,在高氨氮浓度下（1000 mg·L^-1）仍具有较高的异养硝化能力,体现了菌株YH具有处理高氨氮废水的潜能.     

炼厂"三泥"的生物处理研究

从大港油田筛选和分离出3株以原油为碳源的石油降解菌,初步鉴定为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.),用这3株菌混合处理某炼厂的"三泥",在适宜的降解条件下,仅需投加混合菌液,无需添加营养物(N,P),可使含油污泥A的残油量从67g/kg降至7.7g/kg,混合油泥试样AB的残油量从19.7g/kg降至3.1g/kg,平均去除率为84%以上,可以实现含油污泥的较为经济的、有效的处理.经生物处理后含油污泥的恶臭味完全消失.