金属氧化物-Laponite黏土复合材料负载氧化钴催化剂的制备及对苯的催化消除性能

以多核羟基阳离子或简单金属阳离子为前驱体,合成了Al、Ce和Zr等金属氧化物-Laponite黏土复合材料,以之为载体负载制备Co3O4催化剂.结果表明,与原黏土Laponite相比,复合处理后材料的孔隙变得发达,孔体积增加,Al和Ce的氧化物复合的Laponite黏土材料的孔体积超过0.75 cm3·g-1;负载Co3O4催化剂后没有改变等温线的类型,但随着负载量的增加,材料对氮气的吸附量逐渐减少,表明Co3O4填充了部分孔道,导致孔体积的减小.复合的金属元素类型对负载型的Co催化剂的分散度和催化活性都有影响.结果表明,根据(311)衍射的半峰宽,使用Scherrer方程计算得到Co负载量为21.3%的Fe、Zr、Ce、Al氧化物复合Laponite黏土材料催化剂上,Co3O4颗粒的平均粒径分别为17.2、16.0、16.5和18.0 nm;对于氧化铝复合的Laponite黏土材料而言,21.3%的Co负载量比较合适,苯的完全转化温度约为350℃;不同金属氧化物与Laponite黏土复合的载体催化剂中,氧化锆的活性最好,能在310℃实现苯的完全转化.     

Bio-removal of mixture of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes/total petroleum hydrocarbons/trichloroethylene from contaminated water

Four pure cultures were isolated from soil samples potentially contaminated with gasoline compounds either at a construction site near a gas station in Fai Chi Kei, Macau SAR or in the northern parts of China (Beijing, and Hebei and Shandong). The e ects of di erent concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and three isomers (ortho-, meta-, and para-) of xylene (BTEX), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), and trichloroethylene (TCE), when they were present in mixtures, on the bio-removal e ciencies of microbial isolates were investigated, together with their interactions during the bio-removal process. When the isolates were tested for the BTEX (50–350 mg/L)/TPH (2000 mg/L) mixture, BTEoX in BTEoX/TPH mixture was shown with higher bio-removal e ciencies, while BTEmX in BTEmX/TPH mixture was shown with the lowest, regardless of isolates. The TPH in BTEmX/TPH mixture, on the other hand, were generally shown with higher bio-removal e ciencies compared to when TPH mixed with BTEoX and BTEpX. When these BTEX mixtures (at 350 mg/L) were present with TCE (5–50 mg/L), the stimulatory e ect of TCE toward BTEoX bio-removal was observed for BTEoX/TCE mixture, while the inhibitory e ect of TCE toward BTEmX for BTEmX/TCE mixture. The bio-removal e ciency for TPH was shown lower in TPH (2000 mg/L)/TCE (5–50 mg/L) mixtures compared to TPH present alone, implying the inhibitory e ect of TCE toward TPH bio-removal. For the mixture of BTEX (417 mg/L), TPH (2000 mg/L) along with TCE (5– 50 mg/L), TCE was shown co-metabolically removed more e ciently at 15 mg/L, probably utilizing BTEX and/or TPH as primary substrates.     

二次热解吸直接进样气相色谱法测定空气中苯系物

文章建立了空气中苯系物的分析方法,方法用Tenax TA吸附管吸附空气中苯系物,二次热解吸直接进毛细管气相色谱分析。该方法定性、定量准确,线性响应良好,回归方程的线性相关系数大于0．9991,相对标准偏差在2．1％～5．3％之间,加标回收率大于92％,具有良好的重现性。测定干扰小,检测灵敏度高,当采样体积1L时,平均解吸率在95％以上,苯系物的最低检出浓度可达0．5ug／m^3。本方法适合测定空气中低浓度的苯系物。     

芳烃化合物水溶解度及分配系数的估算

将分子连接性指数法(Molecular Connectivity Index,MCI)与几何平均连接性指数法(Geometrical Mean Connectivity Index,GMCI)相结合,改进了GMCI的点价计算方法。使用新方法计算了34种芳烃化合物0～4阶指数的点价值,并分别通过对溶解度和点价值,分配系数和点价值进行逐步多元回归分析,建立了新的指数和溶解度、分配系数之间的定量关系模型,回归方程的相关系数为0.961、0.962,都达到了良好级,估计标准误差为0.3454、0.2674,优于MCI法和GMCI法。     

不同下垫面苯系物的挥发行为研究

结合石油化工区挥发性污染物泄漏控制的需要,选取淄博地区代表性的砂土、壤土和水3种下垫面,对苯系物的挥发行为进行试验研究,得到了不同类型下垫面中苯系物单组分及其混合物的挥发动力学曲线、最优拟合公式和挥发动力学模型.结果表明,3种下垫面中,苯系物组分及混合物的挥发速率大小依次为:苯>甲苯>BTEX>二甲苯>乙基苯;而苯系物在静水面上的挥发最快,砂土中次之,壤土中挥发最慢.另外,3种下垫面中苯系物的挥发速率常(系)数与蒸气压的关系均呈线性正相关,挥发速率系数随着组分蒸气压的增大而明显增大.下垫面对苯系物挥发的影响机制主要表现为对挥发面积和介质在挥发扩散过程中可利用孔隙通量的影响.     

SDS、SDBS胶团强化超滤Cu~(2+)的比较

采用模拟含Cu2+废水,以阴离子表面活性剂SDS和SDBS胶团强化超滤分离Cu2+(Cu2+固定为0.6 mmol/L),通过对渗透通量、渗透浓度、去除率、富集率的比较,从而得出SDS、SDBS分离效果的优劣.结果表明,添加SDS的渗透通量始终高于SDBS[其中SDS平均渗透通量为29.92 L.(m2.h)-1,而SDBS只有16.55 L.(m2.h)-1],渗透浓度始终低于SDBS,当渗透液Cu2+浓度接近为0时,SDBS、SDS所需浓度分别为2 mmol/L和6 mmol/L.SDS的Cu2+去除率和平均富集率高于SDBS(SDS平均去除率为85.06%,平均富集率为4.18;SDBS对应值分别为69.05%,4.05).此外,SDS自身的平均富集率也高于SDBS(SDS为3.89,SDBS为3.13).由此可见,SDS比SDBS更适合去除Cu2+.     

Commuter exposure to BTEX in public transportation modes in Bangkok, Thailand

Measurements and monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been conducted in the metropolitan Bangkok. However, in-vehicle levels of VOCs are still lacking. This study investigated VOCs concentrations in four public transportation modes in Bangkok, Thailand during two rush hour periods (7:00-9:00 a.m. and 4:00-7:00 p.m.). The four modes included an air-conditioned bus (A/C bus), non-air-conditioned bus (non-A/C bus), electric sky train, and a passenger boat traveling along the canal. Comparison among three important bus routes was also studied. In-vehicle air samples were collected using charcoal sorbent tubes and then analyzed by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. Results showed that the transportation modes significantly influenced the abundance of in-vehicle benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and m,p-xylene (BTEX). Median concentrations of BTEX were 11.7, 103, 11.7, and 42.8 μg/m3 in A/C bus; 37.1, 174, 14.7, and 55.4 μg/m3 in non-A/C bus; 2.0, 36.9, 0.5, and 0.5 μg/m3 in sky train; and 3.1, 58.5, 0.5, and 6.2 μg/m3 in boat, respectively. Wilcoxon rank sum test indicated that toluene and m,p-xylene in the sky trains were statistically lower than that in the other three modes at a p-value of 0.05. There were statistical differences in TEX concentrations among the bus routes in the non-A/C buses. In addition, the benzene to toluene ratios implied that tail-pipe emissions were important contributor to the abundance of in-vehicle VOCs.     

能量注入对放电等离子体去除气相苯系物的影响

采用正极性高压直流供电和串齿线放电极——管式接地极构成的放电等离子体反应器,研究了苯系物（苯、甲苯和对二甲苯）去除效率与供电电压之间的关系,以及放电极齿轮数对苯系物去除效率、COx（CO2＋CO）生成量和能量效率的影响。研究结果表明,苯系物的去除效率、COx生成量皆随电压升高而增大。随着电压升高,能量效率先升后降,当电压为11kV左右时,能量效率最高。对应放电齿轮数为31的苯系物去除效率、COx生成量和能量效率皆高于放电齿轮数为55或7,这表明对应特定的等离子体反应器,有一最佳放电齿数匹配。     

竹碳吸附苯类化合物的研究

文章利用二硫化碳萃取方法根据气相色谱分析结果,研究了竹碳对于室内空气中苯污染物的吸附,并比较了不同粒径对于吸附的影响。     

Tenax富集-毛细管气相色谱法同时测定环境空气中12种氯苯类化合物

建立了毛细管气相色谱法同时分离快速测定环境空气中12种氯苯类有机污染物的方法.采集10 L空气样品,用Tenax吸附管富集氯苯类化合物,石油醚淋洗解析,DB-23毛细管柱分离,电子捕获检测器检测.空气中氯苯类化合物的最低检测浓度分别为:氯苯20 μg/m3,二氯苯0.5～0.8 μg/m3,三氯苯0.08～0.1 μg/m3,四氯苯0.03～0.05 μg/m3,五氯苯、六氯苯0.01 μg/m3.在空白试验中,回收率为90.7%～100.6%,相对标准偏差低于7.16%(n=5).结果表明,该测定方法简便、快速、准确、重现性好,适合环境空气中12种氯苯类化合物的痕量测定.