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31.
Marie Maud Bear Delphine Mallarde Valérie Langlois Solo Randriamahefa Odile Bouvet Philippe Guerin 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1999,7(4):179-184
Sixteen Pseudomonas strains have been tested with a view to developing medium-chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates. Four strains were selected and it is shown that their ability for producing three different polyesters with variable properties was dependent on the strains and substrates. Otherwise, Pseudomonas oleovorans was grown on a mixture of sodium octanoate and undecenoate salts at a 90/10 mol/mol ratio. The corresponding copolymer, bearing lateral double bonds, was chemically modified in the carboxy group. Finally, the ability to tailor-make functional bacterial polyesters aimed at temporary therapeutic applications is demonstrated. 相似文献
32.
Olivier Hatem Sander Kamel Frank Jacques-Eric Jacques Thomas Johanna Alkan Delphine Martin 《Environmental Science & Policy》2009,12(5):619-630
Scenario-based approaches in environmental and policy assessment studies are increasingly applied within integrated assessment and modelling frameworks. The SEAMLESS project develops such an integrated framework (SEAMLESS-IF) aiming to assess, ex-ante, impacts of alternative agro-environmental policies on the sustainability of agricultural systems. A particular challenge in this context is the consistent translation of a wide range of policy questions into scenarios that a modelling framework can assess. The present work defines a methodology for scenario-development in integrated policy assessment with specific emphasis on SEAMLESS-IF. After a general overview on scenario concepts for integrated policy assessment the adopted scenario concept and its development procedure is presented. They allow building integrated scenarios capturing the range of drivers of the assessed agricultural system in a consistent way across temporal and spatial scales. Then focus is on the particular procedures to translate the policy assessment questions into scenario parameters and to implement these parameters into SEAMLESS-IF. Two examples targeted at European and regional level combining integrated assessments of policy changes and technological innovations are considered to illustrate the SEAMLESS scenario concept. We conclude that the proposed methodology to translate policy assessment problems into scenarios effectively supports integrated assessment in SEAMLESS-IF or even in other modelling frameworks. 相似文献
33.
Reyhan Akçaalan Meric Albay Latife Koker Julia Baudart Delphine Guillebault Sabine Fischer Wilfried Weigel Linda K. Medlin 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2018,190(1):42
Monitoring drinking water quality is an important public health issue. Two objectives from the 4 years, six nations, EU Project μAqua were to develop hierarchically specific probes to detect and quantify pathogens in drinking water using a PCR-free microarray platform and to design a standardised water sampling program from different sources in Europe to obtain sufficient material for downstream analysis. Our phylochip contains barcodes (probes) that specifically identify freshwater pathogens that are human health risks in a taxonomic hierarchical fashion such that if species is present, the entire taxonomic hierarchy (genus, family, order, phylum, kingdom) leading to it must also be present, which avoids false positives. Molecular tools are more rapid, accurate and reliable than traditional methods, which means faster mitigation strategies with less harm to humans and the community. We present microarray results for the presence of freshwater pathogens from a Turkish lake used drinking water and inferred cyanobacterial cell equivalents from samples concentrated from 40 into 1 L in 45 min using hollow fibre filters. In two companion studies from the same samples, cyanobacterial toxins were analysed using chemical methods and those dates with highest toxin values also had highest cell equivalents as inferred from this microarray study. 相似文献
34.
Emilio D’Ugo Stefania Marcheggiani Ilaria Fioramonti Roberto Giuseppetti Roberto Spurio Karim Helmi Delphine Guillebault Linda K. Medlin Ivan Simeonovski Bas Boots Ulrich Breitenbach Latife Koker Meric Albay Laura Mancini 《Food and environmental virology》2016,8(3):206-214
The transmission of water-borne pathogens typically occurs by a faecal–oral route, through inhalation of aerosols, or by direct or indirect contact with contaminated water. Previous molecular-based studies have identified viral particles of zoonotic and human nature in surface waters. Contaminated water can lead to human health issues, and the development of rapid methods for the detection of pathogenic microorganisms is a valuable tool for the prevention of their spread. The aims of this work were to determine the presence and identity of representative human pathogenic enteric viruses in water samples from six European countries by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) and to develop two quantitative PCR methods for Adenovirus 41 and Mammalian Orthoreoviruses. A 2-year survey showed that Norovirus, Mammalian Orthoreovirus and Adenoviruses were the most frequently identified enteric viruses in the sampled surface waters. Although it was not possible to establish viability and infectivity of the viruses considered, the detectable presence of pathogenic viruses may represent a potential risk for human health. The methodology developed may aid in rapid detection of these pathogens for monitoring quality of surface waters. 相似文献
35.
Delphine Cottin Damien Roussel Natacha Foucreau Frédéric Hervant Christophe Piscart 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2012,99(4):259-264
In the global warming context, we compared the thermal tolerance of several populations of the crustacean Gammarus pulex (Amphipoda: Gammaridae) along a latitudinal thermal gradient in the Rh?ne Valley. To disentangle the effect of regional (North
vs. South) and local (site-specific) factors, the ecophysiological responses of populations were investigated at two levels
of biological organisation: whole organism level considering body size [critical thermal maximum (CTmax), mean speed of locomotion
(MS), time mobile (TM)] and organelle function level [mitochondrial respiratory control ratios (RCRs)]. CTmax and RCRs, but
not MS and TM, revealed a significantly higher thermal tolerance in southern populations compared to northern ones. Nevertheless,
temperatures ≥ 30°C were deleterious for all populations, suggesting that populations located in the warmer limit of the species
distribution will be more threatened by climate change as they live closer to their upper thermal limits. The strong differences
observed between populations indicate that the species-level thermal tolerance used in predictive models may not be informative
enough to study the impact of global warming on species distributions. This work also reveals that an appropriate choice of
indicators is essential to study the consequences of global warming since the response of organisms at the whole body level
can be influenced by local conditions. 相似文献
36.
Modelling radionuclide transfers between seawater and marine species on a short time scale basis requires being able to take into account the transfer kinetics. This means (1) to implement the effect of the biological half-lives of radionuclides together with the concentration factor in the calculation of transfers and (2), to get these kinetic parameters for each element and species. Biological half-lives are usually determined from laboratory labelling experiments with the challenge to match natural environmental conditions. The present work proposes a simple model that implements the effect of kinetic parameters in the calculation of transfers. This model is also used to derive the biological half-life and the concentration factor for 137Cs from time-series measurements of environmental concentrations in seawater and in the brown alga Fucus serratus, as an example. These transfer parameters are finally used to predict the Cs activities in Fucus serratus on the English Channel shores. 相似文献
37.
Höhener Patrick Guers Delphine Malleret Laure Boukaroum Ouassim Martin-Laurent Fabrice Masbou Jérémy Payraudeau Sylvain Imfeld Gwenaël 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2022,20(6):3927-3942
Environmental Chemistry Letters - The transfer of pesticides from agricultural soils to food and drinking water is a major health issue. There are actually few robust methods to identify,... 相似文献