电焊熔珠对棉布和聚氨酯泡沫的引燃能力研究

研究了加载电压对电焊熔珠数目和粒径分布的影响,在模拟装置上实验了电焊对棉布、聚氨酯泡沫和纸张的引燃性能.结果表明,随着加载电压升高,电焊熔珠的数目逐渐减少,熔珠粒径逐渐增大,引燃能力逐渐增强.固体材料性质对电焊熔珠引燃能力也有很大影响,表面粗糙,易蓄热材料容易被点燃.电焊熔珠引燃棉布、聚氨酯泡沫和纸张的临界电压为37.5V、40V和45V.     

Managing for biodiversity from the electric utilities' perspective

The quality and sustainability of the natural environment is a matter of inestimable value and is critical to public health and welfare. All species have a purpose, and they exist for the betterment of other species. It is, therefore, incumbent on all humans to do their part in the preservation of this vast, diverse ecosystem called Earth. All humans are the beneficiaries, the ultimate customers, of a sound environment—water that is safe to drink, air that can be breathed, and soil that will sustain crops. There must be a commitment to leaving a clean and healthy planet for generations to follow, an earth which is enhanced, not diminished, by humans' presence.     

风力发电场的主要环境问题

本文介绍了风电场建设时周边环境的有利、不利影响及风力发电场选址的气象、社会自然条件,并就此提出建议。     

Research on an Online Identification Algorithm for a Thevenin Battery Model by an Experimental Approach

To improve the estimation accuracy of battery’s inner state for battery management system, an online parameters identification algorithm for Thevenin battery model is researched. The Thevenin model and parameters identification algorithm based on recursive least square adaptive filter algorithm was built with the Simulink/xPC Target. The results of hardware-in-loop experiment, which uses Federal Urban Driving Schedule test to verify the parameters identification approach, show the proposed approach can accurately identify the model parameters within 1% maximum terminal voltage estimation error, and the State of Charge error which calculated by the open circuit voltage estimates can be efficiently reduced to 4%.     

An assessment on the recycling opportunities of wastes emanating from scrap metal processing in Mauritius

This paper presents an assessment on the wastes namely slag, dust, mill scale and sludge resulting from scrap metal processing. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that there are various ways via which scrap metal processing wastes can be reused or recycled in other applications instead of simply diverting them to the landfill. These wastes are briefly described and an overview on the different areas of applications is presented. Based on the results obtained, the waste generation factor developed was 349.3 kg per ton of steel produced and it was reported that slag represents 72% of the total wastes emanating from the iron and steel industry in Mauritius. Finally the suitability of the different treatment and valorisation options in the context of Mauritius is examined.     

The impact of job security,satisfaction and stress on performance assessment and optimization of generation companies

In this study, performances of Iranian thermal power plants have been assessed with respect to human factors such as job stress, satisfaction and security through data envelopment analysis (DEA). In the first step performance of power plants (DMUs) have been evaluated considering traditional production factors including installed capacity, internal consumption and fuel consumption as inputs and gross production as output (model 1). In the next step, model 1 is expanded to include three above mentioned human factors (model 2). Power plants have been ranked based on their relative efficiency scores in both models. Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients between relative efficiency scores and rankings of power plants in two models have been calculated. The results show that efficiency scores and rankings of power plants in two models are quite different indicating that mentioned human factors have direct impact on overall performance of generation companies and that if we were to use just traditional factors it would not reflect the optimum efficiency of the DMUs. Finally, job security has been found as the most effective human factor in Iranian power plants. This is the first study that presents an integrated approach for assessment of electric power plants considering job stress, security and satisfaction. And it is shown that these human factors play important role in overall performance of generation companies.     

A future perspective on lithium-ion battery waste flows from electric vehicles

As a proactive step towards understanding future waste management challenges, this paper presents a future oriented material flow analysis (MFA) used to estimate the volume of lithium-ion battery (LIB) wastes to be potentially generated in the United States due to electric vehicle (EV) deployment in the near and long term future. Because future adoption of LIB and EV technology is uncertain, a set of scenarios was developed to bound the parameters most influential to the MFA model and to forecast “low,” “baseline,” and “high” projections of future end-of-life battery outflows from years 2015 to 2040. These models were implemented using technology forecasts, technical literature, and bench-scale data characterizing battery material composition. Considering the range from the most conservative to most extreme estimates, a cumulative outflow between 0.33 million metric tons and 4 million metric tons of lithium-ion cells could be generated between 2015 and 2040. Of this waste stream, only 42% of the expected materials (by weight) is currently recycled in the U.S., including metals such as aluminum, cobalt, copper, nickel, and steel. Another 10% of the projected EV battery waste stream (by weight) includes two high value materials that are currently not recycled at a significant rate: lithium and manganese. The remaining fraction of this waste stream will include materials with low recycling potential, for which safe disposal routes must be identified. Results also indicate that because of the potential “lifespan mismatch” between battery packs and the vehicles in which they are used, batteries with high reuse potential may also be entering the waste stream. As such, a robust end-of-life battery management system must include an increase in reuse avenues, expanded recycling capacity, and ultimate disposal routes that minimize risk to human and environmental health.     

电熨斗过热故障火灾痕迹特性的研究

通过火灾模拟实验,研究电熨斗发生过热故障后底板的火灾痕迹特性。根据底板的温度分布,应用DTA、TG、SEM、EDS、硬度分析和金相分析等方法,系统分析、归纳、总结电熨斗底板火灾痕迹的材料性能变化规律。研究表明,过热故障电熨斗的火灾痕迹,在宏观形貌、硬度分布和显微组织特征等方面,均显著区别于火烧电熨斗的火灾痕迹。结果为火灾原因调查提供新的技术依据,可应用在火灾现场勘验,物证提取与鉴定工作中。     

Plant vintages, grandfathering, and environmental policy

Environmental regulations that grandfather existing plants, by not holding them to the same strict standards as new plants, may have the unintended consequence of retarding new investment. If new plants are cleaner, then this effect may increase pollution in the short run. I develop a dynamic model of a facility’s decisions over scrapping and abatement, which depend on capital depreciation, profitability shocks, and environmental policy. Using data from fossil fuel fired boilers at electric power plants, I estimate the structural parameters of the model and assess the impact of grandfathering in the Clean Air Act on sulfur dioxide emissions. Counterfactual policy simulations show that an increase in the stringency of performance standards would have led to a decrease in investment in new boilers. However, this does not lead to increased emissions, since there is less investment in dirtier coal boilers as compared to relatively cleaner oil or natural gas boilers.