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Bloomfield Janine Ratchford Marina Brown Sandra 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2000,5(1):3-8
Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change - 相似文献
33.
Assessing Landscape Functions with Broad-Scale Environmental Data: Insights Gained from a Prototype Development for Europe 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Felix Kienast Janine Bolliger Marion Potschin Rudolf S. de Groot Peter H. Verburg Iris Heller Dirk Wascher Roy Haines-Young 《Environmental management》2009,44(6):1099-1120
We examine the advantages and disadvantages of a methodological framework designed to analyze the poorly understood relationships
between the ecosystem properties of large portions of land, and their capacities (stocks) to provide goods and services (flows).
These capacities (stocks) are referred to as landscape functions. The core of our assessment is a set of expert- and literature-driven
binary links, expressing whether specific land uses or other environmental properties have a supportive or neutral role for
given landscape functions. The binary links were applied to the environmental properties of 581 administrative units of Europe
with widely differing environmental conditions and this resulted in a spatially explicit landscape function assessment. To
check under what circumstances the binary links are able to replace complex interrelations, we compared the landscape function
maps with independently generated continent-wide assessments (maps of ecosystem services or environmental parameters/indicators).
This rigorous testing revealed that for 9 out of 15 functions the straightforward binary links work satisfactorily and generate
plausible geographical patterns. This conclusion holds primarily for production functions. The sensitivity of the nine landscape
functions to changes in land use was assessed with four land use scenarios (IPCC SRES). It was found that most European regions
maintain their capacity to provide the selected services under any of the four scenarios, although in some cases at other
locations within the region. At the proposed continental scale, the selected input parameters are thus valid proxies which
can be used to assess the mid-term potential of landscapes to provide goods and services. 相似文献
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Nogaro G Mermillod-Blondin F Montuelle B Boisson JC Lafont M Volat B Gibert J 《Chemosphere》2007,70(2):315-328
The purpose of this study was to quantify the influences of tubificid worms on the biogeochemical functioning of an infiltration system impacted by a stormwater sediment deposit. Effects of worms with stormwater sediment deposit were compared with effects of worms with two other natural sediment deposits (one low and one rich-particulate organic matter deposits). We measured the effects of invertebrates on sediment reworking, organic matter processing, solute fluxes, microbial characteristics, and pollutant release from stormwater deposit to water. Our results showed that tubificid worms had slight effects on microbial activities in presence of the stormwater deposit whereas they significantly stimulated microbial activities in columns impacted by the other two deposits. High contents of labile organic matter contained in stormwater sediments probably led to very strong microbial activities that could not be easily stimulated by worm activities. In our experimental conditions, no significant influence of tubificid worms on the fate of pollutants (heavy metals and PAHs) contained in the stormwater deposit was measured. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the organic matter characteristics of the stormwater sediments limited the efficiency of tubificid worms to stimulate organic matter mineralization in infiltration systems. 相似文献
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Robyn E. Shaw Peter B. Spencer Lesley A. Gibson Judy A. Dunlop Janine E. Kinloch Karel Mokany Margaret Byrne Craig Moritz Harriet Davie Kenny J. Travouillon Kym M. Ottewell 《Conservation biology》2023,37(1):e13989
Landscape-scale conservation that considers metapopulation dynamics will be essential for preventing declines of species facing multiple threats to their survival. Toward this end, we developed a novel approach that combines occurrence records, spatial–environmental data, and genetic information to model habitat, connectivity, and patterns of genetic structure and link spatial attributes to underlying ecological mechanisms. Using the threatened northern quoll (Dasyurus hallucatus) as a case study, we applied this approach to address the need for conservation decision-making tools that promote resilient metapopulations of this threatened species in the Pilbara, Western Australia, a multiuse landscape that is a hotspot for biodiversity and mining. Habitat and connectivity were predicted by different landscape characteristics. Whereas habitat suitability was overwhelmingly driven by terrain ruggedness, dispersal was facilitated by proximity to watercourses. Although there is limited evidence for major physical barriers in the Pilbara, areas with high silt and clay content (i.e., alluvial and hardpan plains) showed high resistance to dispersal. Climate subtlety shaped distributions and patterns of genetic turnover, suggesting the potential for local adaptation. By understanding these spatial–environmental associations and linking them to life-history and metapopulation dynamics, we highlight opportunities to provide targeted species management. To support this, we have created habitat, connectivity, and genetic uniqueness maps for conservation decision-making in the region. These tools have the potential to provide a more holistic approach to conservation in multiuse landscapes globally. 相似文献