好氧生物阴极型微生物燃料电池的同时硝化和产电的研究

在两室型微生物燃料电池的阴极室接种硝化菌实现了同时硝化和产电.硝化过程和产电过程在同一区域实现,不仅能够充分利用曝气的溶解氧,节省曝气能源消耗,而且硝化过程产生的额外的质子,有效地避免了产电过程所造成的阴极pH值升高.运行稳定期间MFC的最大电流和最大功率密度分别为47mA和45.50W/m3,当进水氨氮浓度为153.4mg/L时,硝化速率为5.98mg/(L·d).硝化菌会与产电菌竞争溶解氧,但当溶解氧浓度控制在3.5～5.0mg/L时,硝化过程未对产电产生明显影响.无缓冲溶液的条件下,加入氨氮时的阴极电势比未加入氨氮时的阴极电势高124mV,且阴极电势变化的阶段与氨氮降解的过程是一一对应的.H+离子的理论计算表明,硝化过程产生的H+离子(8.14×10-3mol)与产电过程消耗H+离子(8.54×10-3mol)数量相当,证实了硝化作用中产生的H+离子能够补偿阴极室由于产电造成的H+离子的消耗,维持系统pH值的稳定.     

牛粪混合液微生物燃料电池长期运行稳定性研究

长期运行稳定性是微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cells,MFCs)技术的一项重要特征,是其能否走向实际应用的关键.生物阴极MFC利用牛粪产电的长期运行特征的研究表明,该MFC可长期、高效、稳定地产电.在100Ω外电阻下,171 d的运行期内,电池功率密度平均为6.77 W·m-3±2.11 W·m-3.第70 d的电池开路电压、内阻、最高功率密度分别为0.874 V、22.1Ω和14.1 W·m-3.随着运行时间延长,每30 d的总化学需氧量(total chemical oxygen demand,TCOD)去除量不断递减,而库仑效率(Coulomb efficiency,CE)不断递增,在121~150 d,CE可达17.5%±3.3%.阳极微生物群落结构分析表明,Proteobacteria(45%)、Bacteroidetes(22%)、Firmicutes(17%)、Actinobacteria(11%)在阳极生物膜中占有优势地位.Clostridium、Cellulomonas等已被证明具有产电能力或纤维素降解能力的细菌是阳极生物膜中的关键功能种群.     

Microalgae Scenedesmus obliquus as renewable biomass feedstock for electricity generation in microbial fuel cells （MFCs）

Renewable algae biomass, Scenedesmus obliquus, was used as substrate for generating electricity in two chamber microbial fuel cells （MFCs）. From polarization test, maximum power density with pretreated algal biomass was 102mW·m^2 （951mW·m^3） at current generation of 276mA·m^-2. The individual electrode potential as a function of current generation suggested that anodic oxidation process of algae substrate had limitation for high current generation in MFC. Total chemical oxygen demand （TCOD） reduction of 74% was obtained when initial TCOD concentration was 534mg · L^-1 for 150 h of operation. The main organic compounds of algae oriented biomass were lactate and acetate, which were mainly used for electricity generation. Other byproducts such as propionate and butyrate were formed at a negligible amount. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy （EIS） analysis pinpointed the charge transfer resistance （112Ω ） of anode electrode, and the exchange current density of anode electrode was 1214 nA·cm^-2.     

Sediment microbial fuel cell with floating biocathode for organic removal and energy recovery

A sediment microbial fuel cell (SMFC) with three dimensional floating biocathode (FBC) was developed for the electricity generation and biodegradation of sediment organic matter in order to avoid negative effect of dissolved oxygen (DO) depletion in aqueous environments on cathode performance and search cost-effective cathode materials. The biocathode was made from graphite granules with microbial attachment to replace platinum (Pt)-coated carbon paper cathode in a laboratory-scale SMFC (3 L in volume) filled with river sediment (organic content 49±4 g·kg^-1 dry weight). After start-up of 10 days, the maximum power density of 1.00W·m^-3 (based on anode volume) was achieved. The biocathode was better than carbon paper cathode catalyzed by Pt. The attached biofilm on cathode enhanced power generation significantly. The FBC enhanced SMFC performance further in the presence aeration. The SMFC was continuously operated for an over 120-day period. Power generation peaked within 24 days, declined gradually and stabilized at a level of 1/6 peak power output. At the end, the sediment organic matter content near the anode was removed by 29% and the total electricity generated was equal to 0.251 g of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removed.     

Scaling up a novel denitrifying microbial fuel cell with an oxic-anoxic two stage biocathode

A scaled up microbial fuel cell （MFC） of a 50 L volume was set up with an oxic-anoxic two-stage biocathode and activated semicoke packed electrodes to achieve simultaneous power generation and nitrogen and organic matter removals. An average maximum power density of 43.1 W·m^-3 was obtained in batch operating mode. By adjusting the two extemal resistances, the denitrification in the A-MFC and power production in the O-MFC could be enhanced. In continuous mode, when the hydraulic retention times were set at 6 h, 8 h and 12 h, the removal efficiencies of COD, NHf-N and total nitrogen （TN） were higher than 95%, 97%, and 84%, respectively. Meanwhile the removal loads for COD, NH4^＋-N and TN were10, 0.37 and 0.4 kg·（m^3·d）^-1, respectively.     

冻融处理对不同阴极构型MFC产电及有机物降解的影响

为了研究不同阴极构型的微生物燃料电池(MFC)处理剩余污泥时的产电以及有机物降解情况,构建了铁氰化钾双室MFC以及生物阴极双室MFC两套系统,分析了两套系统处理剩余污泥时电压、功率密度以及有机物变化及降解情况.结果表明,处理冻融污泥时,铁氰化钾双室MFC8h达到稳定电压0.726V,运行6d时SCOD达到峰值3771.4mg/L,此时最大功率密度最高为10.3W/m3,周期结束(20d)TCOD去除率为70.3%;生物阴极双室MFC运行3d达到稳定电压0.76V并持续22d后下降,15~20d时SCOD达到峰值4538.0mg/L,并获得最高的最大功率密度13.7W/m3,周期结束(30d)去除80.6%的TCOD.相对于铁氰化钾双室MFC,生物阴极双室MFC能够更为彻底的促进污泥有机物溶出并利用其产电,对溶解性碳水化合物利用以及有机物的降解得更为彻底,同时更利于MFC系统的长期稳定运行.     

电催化-生物电化学耦合系统处理青霉素废水的机制

抗生素生产过程中产生大量含有残存抗生素的生产废水,传统的污水生物处理技术难以有效地处理此类高浓度抗生素废水.针对此问题,采用电催化-生物电化学耦合系统来处理含有典型的β-内酰胺类抗生素青霉素的废水,利用硼掺杂金刚石（boron-doped diamond,BDD）电催化电极对青霉素废水进行预处理,其出水进入生物电化学系统（bioelectrochemical system,BES）进行后处理.研究发现,经电催化系统预处理后青霉素的去除率为89%,出水进入BES后可以稳定运行,该出水中又有79%的青霉素被BES去除,获得最大功率密度为（1124±28）mW·m^-2,与直接进青霉素原始废水的BES反应器相比提高了473%.经过电催化-生物电化学两级耦合系统处理后青霉素的总去除率达到98%.对BES反应器阳极生物量和生物相分析结果表明,青霉素对阳极混合菌群生物量和变形菌门微生物（主要产电菌）有一定的抑制作用,且会降低形成阳极生物膜的主要微生物不动杆菌属Acinetobacter和具有产电功能芽孢杆菌属Bacillus在反应器中含量,这是影响反应器产电性能和处理效果的主要原因.青霉素废水经电催化降解后,浓度明显降低,有效缓解了青霉素对BES的抑制作用,提高废水的可生化性,因此电催化-生物电化学耦合系统是一种高效低能耗处理抗生素废水的新工艺.     

微生物燃料电池耦合连续搅拌反应系统(CSTR)低温下处理“糖蜜-电镀”废水

为提高传统微生物燃料电池(MFC)在低温条件下的效率,实现实验装置放大化.本实验将连续搅拌反应系统(CSTR)与双极室微生物燃料电池系统相结合,连续流处理糖蜜废水,并间接回收金属单质,处理模拟电镀废水,考察系统的产电性能和废水处理效果.结果表明,当系统稳定运行后,最高电压及功率密度分别可达到340 m V和58.65 m W·m-2.20 d后,系统COD去除率明显增加,最高COD去除率可达到81%.实验运行10 d后,银离子开始析出,最高去除率可达到90%左右.     

1株产电假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.)RE7的分离及特性研究

微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cell,MFC)阳极微生物的种类和作用机制对MFC的产电性能有着重要的影响.从已稳定运行1a的MFC的阳极室分离得到1株电化学活性革兰氏阴性细菌——菌株RE7,其16SrRNA基因序列与Pseudomonas aeruginosastrain CMG587有99%同源性,属于假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.).利用菌株RE7构建的MFC的稳定产电和循环伏安曲线测定结果都表明,菌株RE7具有较强的电化学活性,利用菌株RE7构建的MFC的最大输出电压为352mV,相应的最大面积功率密度为69.2mW/m2,体积最大功率密度为6.2W/m3.由不同稀释比例的MFC排出液的产电效果比较可知,菌株RE7极有可能是通过自身分泌的氧化还原类物质进行电子传递.     

降解喹啉的微生物燃料电池的产电特性研究

通过构建双极室微生物燃料电池(Microbial fuel cell,MFC),对喹啉的降解及MFC的产电性能进行了研究.试验结果表明,当喹啉初始浓度为500 mg·L-1,葡萄糖与喹啉浓度之比为1:1,3:5,1:5时,MFC的最大输出电压分别为558 mV、469 mV、328 mV,运行周期分别为56.4 h、70h、82.5 h;最大功率密度分别为173 mW·m-2、122 mW·m-2、60 mW·m-2(按阳极截面积计算)或者35 W·m-3、24 W·m-3、12 W·m-3(按阳极室有效容积计算).MFC可实现对喹啉的高效降解,但葡萄糖的浓度对喹啉的降解速率有较大影响.当葡萄糖浓度分别为500 mg.L-1、300mg·L-1和100 mg·L-1时,使500 mg·L-1喹啉完全降解的时间分别为6 h、24 h和72 h.MFC闭路条件下对喹啉的降解速率高于开路厌氧条件下的喹啉降解速率约10%.MFC对喹啉的降解与产电速率之间存在差距,喹啉被快速降解至较低浓度(<5rag·L-1)后,MFC的产电性能才达到最优.MFC以用喹啉和葡萄糖作为混合燃料时,可以在实现高效降解喹啉的同时可稳定地向外输出电能,这为杂环芳烃类难降解有机物的高效低耗处理提供了新的途径.