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31.
对东平湖底泥沉积物中重金属汞的总量和形态及沉积物形貌进行了研究.从粒径分布与沿程分布分析了汞元素的形态分布特征.结果表明,东平湖底泥沉积物的主要粒径<63μm,且沉积物颗粒粒径越小,其表面的吸附物越多.不同粒级沉积物中汞的存在均以可氧化提取态形式为主,汞的形态分布与沉积物粒径的相关性可能受到原生矿物及因粒度效应产生吸附差异的综合影响.汞形态的沿程分布特征表明,湖南采样点受污染严重,潜在危害较大. 相似文献
32.
The extent of pollution with organotin compounds and Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr, Mn, V, Co and Al was investigated in sediments
and mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from the Slovenian costal area of the Northern Adriatic Sea. Sampling was performed in Marina Portorož, Dockyard Izola,
non exposed area of the Bay of Mesečev zaliv and in Mariculture Sečovlje. Mussels were taken in the summer and winter time,
while sediments were collected during the winter sampling. Organotin compounds were determined by gas chromatography—mass
spectrometry and metals by flame or electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The accuracies of the analytical procedures
were checked by the analysis of standard reference materials CRM 477 mussel tissue and PACS 2 marine sediment (organotin compounds)
and SRM 2976 mussel tissue and CRM 320 river sediment (metals). Good agreements between certified and determined values were
obtained. Normalization procedure to Al was applied to estimate the anthropogenic inputs of metals in sediments. The analyses
of sediments demonstrated moderate pollution with organotin compounds in Marina Portorož and in Dockyard Izola. Concentrations
of tributyltin species were higher than those of dibutyltin and monobutyltin. In mussels substantial contamination with tributyltin
was observed in Marina Porotrož and Dockyard Izola. The extent of pollution was higher in the winter time. The analysis of
metals in sediments exhibited elevated concentrations in Marina Portorož and Dockyard Izola. Data from the normalization procedure
indicated the anthropogenic inputs of Cu, Zn and Cr in Marina Portorož and Mn in Bay of Mesečev zaliv and Dockyard Izola.
Mussels, as accumulators of pollutants, in general contained higher metal concentrations during winter time in Dockyard Izola. 相似文献
33.
Rengasamy Alagarsamy 《Chemistry and Ecology》2003,19(6):419-429
The quantity and biochemical composition of organic matter (OM) in the sediments underlying and below oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) in the Arabian Sea were studied to provide information on the diagenetic processes of organic carbon under different environmental conditions. Concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and total hydrolysable amino acids (THAA) were significantly higher in sediments within rather than below OMZ, while those of total carbohydrates (TCHO) were slightly lower in the latter, suggesting the presence of a larger supply of labile compounds into the sea bottom at the shallower site (i.e. within OMZ). Hydrolysable amino acid and carbohydrate contribution to TOC were even lower (about 10% in surficial sediments) than the values obtained from the abyssal oligotrophic North Pacific, suggesting that OM food availability in the Oman Margin sediments within OMZ was lower than that observed at abyssal depths. The presence of the highest THAA and TCHO concentrations in the top 40 mm of the sediment core at both sites reflected the presence of bioturbation processes. In contrast with the general view of the deep sea as a stable and constant system, below OMZ in the Arabian Sea sediments, some differences were observed in the two investigated cores indicating the presence of a certain spatial variability in OM content and diagenesis. 相似文献
34.
Lara-Martín PA Gómez-Parra A González-Mazo E 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(1):36-45
Presence, distribution and transport mechanisms of the four major synthetic surfactants -linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS), alkyl ethoxysulfates (AES), nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEOs) and alcohol ethoxylates (AEOs)- have been simultaneously studied in different aquatic ecosystems. Urban wastewater discharges and industrial activities were identified as the main sources for these compounds and their metabolites. LAS, AES and carboxylic metabolites remained in the dissolved form (87–99%). However, NPEOs and AEOs were mostly associated with particulate matter (65–86%), so their degradation in the water column was limited due to their lower bioavailability. It was also observed that sorption to the particulate phase was more intense for longer homologs/ethoxymers for all surfactants. With respect to surface sediments, AES levels were considerably below (<0.25 mg/kg) the values detected for LAS and NPEOs. Concentrations of AEOs, however, were occasionally higher (several tens of ppm) than those found for the rest of the target compounds in several sampling stations. 相似文献
35.
Désy JC Amyot M Pinel-Alloul B Campbell PG 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2002,120(3):759-769
We found that Cd concentrations in three species of macrophyte-associated invertebrates (the gastropods Bithynia tentaculata and Physa gyrina, and the amphipod Gammarus fasciatus) collected at twenty sites along the St. Lawrence River were correlated with Cd concentrations in their main food source, i.e. macrophytes and associated periphyton. Cd in these invertebrates was not significantly correlated with Cd concentrations in the sediments (even when corrections for iron oxide or organic carbon content were applied) or to calculated free-cadmium concentrations in the water. Cd levels in juveniles of B. tentaculata were very tightly linked to Cd concentrations in macrophytes, which is consistent with the close relationship that these organisms have developed with macrophytes. Linear models predicting Cd levels in juveniles of B. tentaculata from Cd levels in different macrophyte species were strong (R2 = 0.69-0.90). Analysis of covariance on these models showed no statistical difference of slope or intercept for any of the macrophyte species, except Vallisneria americana. We suggest that the macrophyte-periphyton complex is a key link in the transfer of cadmium to some aquatic invertebrates in the littoral zone of the St. Lawrence River and that macrophytes and their associated epiphytes should also be used as biomonitors. 相似文献
36.
Occurrence of coal and coal-derived particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a river floodplain soil 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Yang Y Ligouis B Pies C Grathwohl P Hofmann T 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,151(1):121-129
A PAH contaminated river floodplain soil was separated according to grain size and density. Coal and coal-derived particles from coal mining, coal industry and coal transportation activities were identified by organic petrographic analysis in our samples. Distinct concentrations of PAHs were found in different grain size and density fractions, however, similar distribution patterns of PAHs indicated similar sources. In addition, although light fractions had the mass fraction by weight of less than 5%, they contributed almost 75% of the total PAHs in the soil. PAH concentrations of all sub fractions showed positive correlation with their TOC contents. Altogether, coal and coal-derived particles that were abundant in light fractions could be the dominant geosorbents for PAHs in our samples. 相似文献
37.
Impact of poor solid waste management on ground water 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Eight sediment cores recovered from Tamaki Estuary were analysed for Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd using downward cored sub-samples.
The results indicate a significant upward enrichment in heavy metals with the highest concentrations found in the uppermost
0–10 cm layer. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in marine sediments requires knowledge of pre-anthropogenic metal concentrations
to act as a reference against which measured values can be compared. Pristine values for the cored sediments were determined
from flat “base-line” metal trends evident in lower core samples. Various methods for calculating metal enrichment and contamination
factors are reviewed in detail and a modified and more robust version of the procedure for calculating the degree of contamination
is proposed. The revised procedure allows the incorporation of a flexible range of pollutants, including various organic species,
and the degree of contamination is expressed as an average ratio rather than an absolute summation number. Comparative data
for normalized enrichment factors and the modified degree of contamination show that Tamaki Estuary sediments have suffered
significant systematic heavy metal contamination following catchment urbanization. Compared to baseline values the uppermost
sediment layers show four-fold enrichment averaged across eight cores and four analysed metals. 相似文献
38.
Concentrations of heavy metals were determined in the water column (including the sea-surface microlayer, subsurface, mid-depth
and bottom water) and sediments from Singapore’s coastal environment. The concentration ranges for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb
and Zn in the seawater dissolved phase (DP) were 0.34–2.04, 0.013–0.109, 0.07–0.35, 0.23–1.16, 0.28–0.78, 0.009–0.062 and
0.97–3.66 μg L−1 respectively. The ranges for Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in the suspended particulate matter (SPM) were 0.16–0.73, 6.72–53.93,
12.87–118.29, 4.34–60.71, 1.10–6.08 and 43.09–370.49 μg g−1, respectively. Heavy metal concentrations in sediments ranged between 0.054–0.217, 37.48–50.52, 6.30–21.01, 13.27–26.59,
24.14–37.28 and 48.20–62.36 μg g−1 for Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn, respectively. The lowest concentrations of metals in the DP and SPM were most frequently found
in the subsurface water while the highest concentrations were mostly observed in the SML and bottom water. Overall, heavy
metals in both the dissolved and particulate fractions have depth profiles that show a decreasing trend of concentrations
from the subsurface to the bottom water, indicating that the prevalence of metals is linked to the marine biological cycle.
In comparison to data from Greece, Malaysia and USA, the levels of metals in the DP are considered to be low in Singapore.
Higher concentrations of particulate metals were reported for the Northern Adriatic Sea and the Rhine/Meuse estuary in the
Netherlands compared to values reported in this study. The marine sediments in Singapore are not heavily contaminated when
compared to metal levels in marine sediments from other countries such as Thailand, Japan, Korea, Spain and China. 相似文献
39.
Levels and source of organochlorine pesticides in surface waters of Qiantang River, China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Qiantang River is a typical river used for drinking water source, flowing through agricultural area in east China. Surface
water samples at 45 sampling sites from the river were collected and analyzed for 13 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) during
six surveys in 2 years of 2005–2006. Sediments, soils, farmland runoff water and dry/wet deposition of this region were also
measured for their OCPs residue in order to know possible source of OCPs contamination. The total OCPs concentrations in surface
water were 7.68–615.2 ng/l. β-HCH, δ-HCH, Aldrin, Heptachlor, Heptachlor epoxide are the major OCPs in water. The maximum
levels of OCPs in water were found in July, while significantly lower OCP concentrations were measured in January. Significant
linear correlation was found between the concentration of HCH and that of total 13 OCPs in water. The measured OCP concentrations
in sediments, soils, farmland runoff water and dry/wet deposition are discussed in relation to concentrations and patterns
found in the surface water. Comparison of OCP levels in sediments and soils led to conclusion that erosion of soil contribute
significantly to the contamination of water. The OCPs dry and wet deposition to water body was estimated to 0.49 and 0.86 ton/year,
respectively. The ratio of α/γ-HCH and (DDE+DDD)/∑DDT in environmental matrix indicated there probably existed new OCPs input
of lindane and dicofol into the river. 相似文献
40.