氮源及其添加模式对钝齿棒杆菌JDN28-75合成L-精氨酸的影响

氮源是微生物过量合成L-精氨酸的重要营养因子之一,不同氮源对钝齿棒杆菌JDN28-75合成L-精氨酸的影响研究结果表明,硫酸铵为合适的氮源.不同初始硫酸铵浓度对JDN28-75产L-精氨酸的影响研究结果表明,氮源浓度过高或不足,都会使最终L-精氨酸产量有所降低.低浓度的硫酸铵虽然有利于菌体生长,但对L-精氨酸的合成明显不利,同时糖酸转化率也较低;而高浓度的硫酸铵尽管不利于细胞的生长且造成发酵结束时残糖含量过高,却有利于细胞合成L-精氨酸且实际耗糖的糖酸转化率维持在一个较高的水平.初始硫酸铵浓度为60 g/L时,对JDN28-75菌体的生长有明显的抑制作用,最终发酵液中剩余的硫酸铵也较多(大于30 g/L),但高浓度的硫酸铵是L-精氨酸合成所必需的.在上述研究结果的基础上,确定了初始硫酸铵浓度为20 g/L条件下的补氮策略,比较了4种不同的硫酸铵补加模式对产L-精氨酸的影响,结果表明,在总的硫酸铵浓度相同的情况下,采取分批、低浓度添加氮源的方式既可以有效解除发酵前期高浓度硫酸铵对菌体生长的抑制作用,又可以有效维持发酵中后期体系中菌体合成L-精氨酸所需的较高比例的氮源.最后,在5 L全自动发酵罐中采用20 g/L的初始硫酸铵浓度,连续流加25%的氨水来控制发酵体系pH及补加氮源,L-精氨酸的产量可以达到31.7 g/L,较对照组的产酸量(26.0 g/L)提高了21.9%.图4表2参11     

三丁基锡对文蛤鳃的抗氧化酶活性及脂质过氧化的影响

在实验室条件下,观察质量浓度分别为高、中、低(0·1,1,10ng·L-1(以Sn计))3组的三丁基锡(TBT)暴露2、8、20d以及恢复7d和20d后对文蛤鳃的谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量的影响.结果显示,除了高浓度TBT(10ng·L-1)暴露在早期(2d)对GSH含量、GST和CAT活性产生抑制之外,TBT暴露对GSH含量、GST和CAT活性的作用主要为诱导效应.在暴露8d后,MDA的含量表现出显著的诱导.恢复7d后除了高浓度组对MDA还有影响外,其它各指标均恢复到与对照组相当的水平.结果表明,环境水平的TBT暴露对文蛤产生明显的氧化胁迫,抗氧化防御系统可以作为海洋环境有机锡污染监测的潜在的生物标志物.     

黑磷纳米片应用及生物毒性研究进展

黑磷纳米片(black phosphorus nanosheet,BPNS)是一种新型纳米材料,它拥有可调节的带隙宽度、高度各向异性、高载流子迁移率、广谱光吸收性和良好生物相容性等诸多特性,在电子、光电、电化学、环保和生物医学等领域表现出巨大的应用潜力.近年来,随着对BPNS研究的深入,其生物安全性问题备受关注.本文简要介绍了BPNS的应用现状和前景,着重综述了其环境危害、健康危害以及毒性机制研究进展,为生产生物安全性更高、环境更友好的黑磷纳米材料提供科学依据.     

Modulation of the DNA repair system and ATR-p53 mediated apoptosis is relevant for tributyltininduced genotoxic effects in human hepatoma G2 cells

The toxic effects of tributyltin (TBT) have been extensively documented in several types of cells, but the molecular mechanisms related to the genotoxic effects of TBT have still not been fully elucidated. Our study showed that exposure of human hepatoma G2 cells to 1-4 μmol/L TBT for 3 hr caused severe DNA damage in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the expression levels of key DNA damage sensor genes such as the replication factor C, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 were inhabited in a concentration-dependent manner. We further demonstrated that TBT induced cell apoptosis via the p53-mediated pathway, which was most likely activated by the ataxia telangiectasia mutated and rad-3 related (ATR) protein kinase. The results also showed that cytochrome c, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and the B-cell lymphoma 2 were involved in this process. Taken together, we demonstrated for the first time that the inhibition of the DNA repair system might be more responsible for TBT-induced genotoxic effects in cells. Then the generated DNA damage induced by TBT initiated ATR-p53-mediated apoptosis.     

Identifying Potential Conflict Associated with Oil and Gas Exploration in Texas State Coastal Waters: A Multicriteria Spatial Analysis

Recent interest in expanding offshore oil production within waters of the United States has been met with opposition by groups concerned with recreational, environmental, and aesthetic values associated with the coastal zone. Although the proposition of new oil platforms off the coast has generated conflict over how coastal resources should be utilized, little research has been conducted on where these user conflicts might be most intense and which sites might be most suitable for locating oil production facilities in light of the multiple, and often times, competing interests. In this article, we develop a multiple-criteria spatial decision support tool that identifies the potential degree of conflict associated with oil and gas production activities for existing lease tracts in the coastal margin of Texas. We use geographic information systems to measure and map a range of potentially competing representative values impacted by establishing energy extraction infrastructure and then spatially identify which leased tracts are the least contentious sites for oil and gas production in Texas state waters. Visual and statistical results indicate that oil and gas lease blocks within the study area vary in their potential to generate conflict among multiple stakeholders.     

Tributyltin chloride results in dorsal curvature in embryo development of Sebastiscus marmoratus via apoptosis pathway

Tributyltin (TBT) is a ubiquitous marine environmental contaminant characterized primarily by its reproductive toxicity. However, the embryotoxicity of TBT has not been extensively described, especially in fishes. The aim of this study was to investigate the developmental toxicity of waterborne TBT at environmental levels (0, 0.1, 1, and 10 ng L⁻¹ as Sn) on Sebastiscus marmoratus embryos. Our study showed that TBT reduced the hatchability and caused apparent morphological abnormalities including dorsal curvature, severely twisted tails and pericardial edema. In addition, localized apoptosis was found in the tail regions of embryos after TBT exposure. The study provided a possible mechanistic link between apoptosis and TBT-induced twisted tails abnormality. TBT exposure induced retinoid X receptor α expression in S. marmoratus embryos at the 0.1 and 1 ng L⁻¹ group, which would be responsible for the increasing apoptotic cells induced by TBT. The results of the present study have widespread implications for environmental ecological assessment, management and the etiology of developmental defects.     

植物挥发性物质成分分析及抑菌作用研究

对植物挥发性物质的化学成分及其抵抗微生物的能力以及与生态学相关可能产生的增效作用进行了研究。通过采用活体采气法收集20种园林植物的挥发性物质,利用气质联用仪测定物质成分结果,再进一步做抑菌作用研究。根据测定结果,实验最终确定的抑菌化学成分有:间羟基苯甲酸(m-hydroxybenzoic acid),水杨酸甲酯(methyl salicylate),邻苯二酚(catechol),乙酸(acetic acid),乙醚(acetaldehyde),丙烯酸(acrylic acid),乙硫醚(diethyl sulphide),莰酮-〔2〕(camphanone-2),莰醇-〔2〕(borneol-2)。同时,采用纸片扩散法和MIC(最小抑菌浓度)法对药品进行抑菌实验。结果表明:莰酮-〔2〕(樟脑)的抑菌效果最显著也最全面,水杨酸甲酯的抑菌效果最不显著也最不全面。丙烯酸、邻苯二酚、莰酮—[2]的最佳抑制细菌是金黄色葡萄球菌和酵母菌,质量浓度为0.156×10-3 mg.L-1时即可有效抑制这些微生物的繁殖,可根据这一特点,在医疗、食品中加以运用。从环境生态学角度看,在某些以空气传播的流行性疾病的多发地,特别是在呼吸道疾病曼延的地区,多栽种一些抑菌作用较强的植物(如银杏、香樟、枫香、海桐等),对疾病的控制有很强的现实意义。