基于预警视角的南京市资源环境承载力评价研究

参考国家相关指南并结合南京市实际,以区级行政区为评价单元对南京市进行资源环境承载力评价。基于预警视角从资源、环境、生态等维度选取典型指标构建评价指标体系,分别进行针对资源、环境与生态的基础评价和针对农产品主产区的专项评价。采取"短板效应",结合基础、专项评价结果进行南京市资源环境承载力集成评价,为南京市资源环境承载力评价预警工作提供基础数据支撑,并从水资源、土地资源、大气环境、水环境、生态系统等方面进行超载因子识别与分析,提出相应的管控对策建议。     

由"第十名现象"谈大学生成功智力的培养

全文从"第十名现象"入手,以美国心理学家斯腾伯格教授的"成功智力理论"为依据,对当前高校在培养大学生成功智力教育中的弊端及其因素进行分析,重点介绍了当前大学生培养成功智力缺乏的原因及发展成功智力的措施,旨在学生及教育工作者中积极倡导"成功人生"的发展观,试图为推进高校人才培养适应性提供一种新的思路和人才培养的途径.     

Desorption of copper and cadmium from soils enhanced by organic acids

The adsorption/desorption behavior of copper and cadmium on soils was investigated in this study. The adsorption isotherm of copper and cadmium conformed to Langmuir equation better than Freundlich equation. The effect of ionic strength, pH, and organic acid, including ethylenediamine tetraacetic disodium acid salt (EDTA), citric acid, oxalic acid and tartaric acid, on the desorption of copper and cadmium was studied. The desorption of copper and cadmium increased with the increase of ionic strength, while the desorption decreased with the rise of pH. The desorption of copper and cadmium enhanced by organic acids was influenced by pH. EDTA showed excellent enhancement on the desorption of both copper and cadmium; citric acid demonstrated great enhancement on the desorption of copper but negligible enhancement on the desorption of cadmium; oxalic acid enhanced the desorption of copper only at pH around 6.4 and enhanced the desorption of cadmium in the pH range from 6.4 to 10.7; tartaric acid slightly enhanced the desorption of copper but negligibly enhanced the desorption of cadmium. The desorption mechanism in the presence of organic acids were explained as the competition of complexation, adsorption and precipitation. The net effect determined the desorption efficiency. This study provided guidance for the selection of organic acids to enhance the electrokinetic (EK) remediation of copper and cadmium from contaminated soils.     

臭氧污染特征与防治工作探究

臭氧污染问题目前越来越引起公众的关注,由于区域贡献、生成机制和影响因素的复杂性,防治难度较大。本文在分析近年来臭氧污染特征的基础上,总结了各地臭氧污染防治经验与相关措施,进一步梳理了南京市相关防治工作的开展情况,最后提出了促进臭氧污染防治的建议。     

重庆市洪涝灾害的特点、成灾机制成灾背景调查与分析

洪涝灾害是重庆较为严重的一种自然灾害，本文分析重庆市洪涝灾害特征入手，在此基础上，对重庆市洪涝灾害的成灾机制做了阐述，并从影响洪涝灾害夏季降水的主要物理因素、地形地貌背景、地表径流与水系和人为活动等方面对重庆市洪涝灾害的成灾背景进行分析，阐明了各成灾因背景之间的相互联系。     

钼蓝法测定水中总磷方法的研究

本文改用 一种新 的氯化亚 锡溶 液配 制 方法 ，增 加显 色 剂氯 化亚 锡 溶液 的浓 度， 延长 稳 定时间，在 测定时减 少显色剂 的用量 ，经对比实 验表明 ，该法灵 敏度、准确 度、精 密度 、溶 液的 稳定 性、显色效果 等均满 足环境监 测的规定 要求     

新型淡水发光菌(Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.——Q67)应用于环境样品毒性测试的初步研究

研究表明，新型淡水发光菌（Ｖｉｂｒｉｏｑｉｎｇｈａｉｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．———Ｑ６７）作为环境样品毒性检验的指标生物具有快速简便的优点．对重金属污染物毒性检验比以往Ｔ３发光菌具有更高的灵敏度，对鱼体进行的感染实验未发现明显病理改变．     

基于工作流技术的管理信息系统集成与应用

本文介绍了工作流技术和管理信息系统相关概念,提出了一种新型的基于工作流技术的管理信息系统集成框架,总结了该集成框架的优势,最后,介绍了分布式工作流平台框架--Netcase Anywhere,以及如何利用该框架实现办公自动化系统、综合财务管理系统以及科发财务软件等遗留系统的集成应用.     

应用灰色模型(G,M)预测软土路基沉降量

本文讨论了灰色系统理论在软土路基沉降量预测中的应用 ,以京珠高速公路灵山实验段沉降观测数据为例 ,建立了沉降量灰色预测模型 ,并与三点法、双曲线法的预测结果以及实测结果进行了对比 ,结果表明 ,灰色预测模型的预测沉降量与实际沉降量更接近。最后分析了用灰色模型进行预测应注意的问题。     

Aerosol optical properties of regional background atmosphere in Northeast China

Aerosol optical properties from 2005 to 2008 at the Longfengshan regional background station in Northeast China were measured and analyzed. The annual mean of aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 440 nm for the four years was about 0.27 ± 0.25, 0.39 ± 0.37, 0.35 ± 0.34, and 0.38 ± 0.38, respectively, and the corresponding annual mean for the Angstrom exponent between 440 nm and 870 nm was about 1.43 ± 0.48, 1.23 ± 0.37, 1.53 ± 0.47, and 1.55 ± 0.42. The average monthly AOD_440nm showed similar seasonal variation with a maximum in spring and a minimum in autumn. The monthly means of AOD at 440, 675, 870 and 1020 nm increase from the January to March with the maxima about 0.77 ± 0.04, 0.65 ± 0.04, 0.58 ± 0.06, 0.57 ± 0.07, respectively and decrease from September to February with the minima about 0.32 ± 0.12, 0.22 ± 0.09, 0.15 ± 0.08, and 0.13 ± 0.07 in January. The monthly mean of Angstrom exponent shows a minimum in March (0.97 ± 0.52) and a maximum in September (1.66 ± 0.29). Both the AOD and Angstrom exponent presents single peak distributions of occurrence frequencies. The Longfenshan data showed high AODs (>1.00) both clustering in the fine mode growth wing and the coarse mode. Two typical cases under dust and haze conditions showed that the AOD under dusty day decreased from 2.20 to 1.20 and the Angstrom exponent increased from 0.10 to 1.00. On the contrast, the AOD under haze day remained relatively stable about 0.90 and the Angstrom exponent was around 1.40. The 3-day backtrajectory analysis at Longfengshan illustrated that the air-masses near ground on the dust day were from Bohai Sea and passed through Liaodong Peninsula and Northeast plain in China. But the air-masses on 500 m AGL were originated from western Mongolia and crossed Gobi deserts, Otindag Sand Land and Horqin Sand Land in Northeast China. The air-masses at Longfengshan near ground 500 m and 1000 m AGL on the haze days were from North China Region and passed through Northeast Heavy Industrial Base in Northeast China.