人工湿地处理甲胺磷废水的试验研究

文章研究了水力停留时间、进水甲胺磷浓度、外加营养物以及温度对人工湿地去除甲胺磷效果的影响。结果表明,水力停留时间的增加能显著提高甲胺磷的去除效果;进水甲胺磷浓度在一定的范围内,人工湿地系统对甲胺磷废水具有良好的去除效果。进水浓度分别为5.3mg/L、9.74mg/L、19.1mg/L和50.75mg/L时,相应的甲胺磷去除率分别为93.5%、89.5%、90.7%和92.2%。外加碳源在一定程度上抑制人工湿地对甲胺磷的去除;在进水中添加葡萄糖浓度为50mg/L时,甲胺磷的去除率下降了6.2%。添加氮源对甲胺磷降解的影响并不明显,温度显著地影响人工湿地对甲胺磷的去除效果。日平均气温在24℃以上时,系统对甲胺磷的去除率稳定在95%以上;当日平均气温低于20℃时,系统对甲胺磷的去除效果明显下降,平均去除率低于90%;当日平均气温低于15℃时,系统对甲胺磷的去除率低于60%。     

Effect of methamidophos on soil fungi community in microcosms by plate count, DGGE and clone library analysis

Methamidophos was widely used a pesticide in northern China. The potential influences of methamidophos on soil fungal community in black soil were assessed by plate count, 28S rDNA-PCR-DGGE, and clone library analysis. Three methamidophos levels (50, 150, and 250 mg/kg) were tested in soil microcosms. Results from plate count during a 60-d microcosm experiment showed that high concentrations of methamidophos (250 mg/kg) could significantly stimulate fungal populations. DCGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) fingerprinting patterns showed a significant difference between the responses of culturable and total fungi communities under the stress of methamidophos. Shannon diversity indices calculated from DGGE profiles indicated that culturable fungi in all microcosms with methamidophos treatment increased after 1 week of incubation. However, the diversity indices of total fungi decreased in the first week, as compared to the stimulation of culturable fungi. At the 8th week, however, all the microcosms treated by methamidophos were similar to the control microcosms in community structure as suggested by the Shannon diversity indices for both culturable and total fungi. In contrast, after 1 week the fungal structure of culturable and unculturable both were disturbed to different extent under the stresses of methamidophos by clustering analysis. Clone sequencing analysis indicated the stimulation of pathogenic and unculturable fungal populations by methamidophos treatment, suggetsing potential risks of plant disease outbreak.     

Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos on earthworm Eisenia fetida in phaiozem, northeast China

Introduction W ith the increase in types and am ount of pollutants releasing into soil ecosystem s, research on the joint effects of m ore than one pollutant in soil-plant, soil-anim al and soil-m icroorganism system s is increasingly concerned (Zhou and …