废焦油沥青的回收利用研究

采用混合乳化剂和超声乳化法 ,以炭素厂废焦油沥青为原料生产沥青乳化燃料。分别考察了调配剂用量、不同HLB值乳化剂、乳化剂用量、加水量等条件对乳化过程的影响 ,并对乳化燃料的粘度和稳定性进行了测定 ,制得的沥青乳化燃料 4 0℃粘度仅为 36 0mPa·s,在常温下放置 7d无水析出 ,放置一个月后稳定性良好 ,使废焦油沥青得到了合理的回收利用     

生物质气化焦油生成及裂解机理研究进展

总结了生物质气化过程焦油产生的影响规律,讨论了焦油的热裂解、催化裂解、水蒸气氧化及部分氧化机理,展望了生物质气化过程中焦油可控转移研究的目标及几个有待解决的主要问题。     

生物质或煤气化焦油脱除研究进展

概述国内外焦油脱除方法的特点及研究现状,着重阐述了催化裂解法中各类催化剂的特性、失活原因以及为减少催化剂失活所采取的相应改性措施,指出采用"载体+活性组分+助剂"的复合整体式方法来合理优化催化剂结构,可以不同程度地解决积碳、烧结和中毒等失活问题,是未来催化剂研究的发展方向。     

Concurrent nitrate and Fe(III) reduction during anaerobic biodegradation of phenols in a sandstone aquifer

The biodegradation of phenols (5, 60, 600 mg l⁻¹) under anaerobic conditions (nitrate enriched and unamended) was studied in laboratory microcosms with sandstone material and groundwater from within an anaerobic ammonium plume in an aquifer. The aqueous phase was sampled and analyzed for phenols and selected redox sensitive parameters on a regular basis. An experiment with sandstone material from specific depth intervals from a vertical profile across the ammonium plume was also conducted. The miniature microcosms used in this experiment were sacrificed for sampling for phenols and selected redox sensitive parameters at the end of the experiment. The sandstone material was characterized with respect to oxidation and reduction potential and Fe(II) and Fe(III) speciation prior to use for all microcosms and at the end of the experiments for selected microcosms.The redox conditions in the anaerobic microcosms were mixed nitrate and Fe(III) reducing. Nitrate and Fe(III) were apparently the dominant electron acceptors at high and low nitrate concentrations, respectively. When biomass growth is taken into account, nitrate and Fe(III) reduction constituted sufficient electron acceptor capacity for the mineralization of the phenols observed to be degraded even at an initial phenols concentration of 60 mg l⁻¹ (high) in an unamended microcosm, whereas nitrate reduction alone is unlikely to have provided sufficient electron acceptor capacity for the observed degradation of the phenols in the unamended microcosm.For microcosm systems, with solid aquifer materials, dissolution of organic substances from the solid material may occur. A quantitative determination of the speciation (mineral types and quantity) of electron acceptors associated with the solids, at levels relevant for degradation of specific organic compounds in aquifers, cannot always be obtained. Hence, complete mass balances of electron acceptor consumption for specific organic compounds degradation are difficult to confine. For aquifer materials with low initial Fe(II) content, Fe(II) determinations on solids and in aqueous phase samples may provide valuable information on Fe(III) reduction. However, in microcosms with natural sediments and where electron acceptors are associated with the sediments, complete mass-balances for substrates and electron acceptors are not likely to be obtained.     

电捕焦油器的故障树分析

建立了以电捕焦油器火灾爆炸为顶上事件的故障树,分析了引发该事件的主要原因,并提出了相应的防范措施和改进措施。     

新型脱稳剂在煤气洗涤水中的应用研究

通过采用新型L型脱稳剂,研究和探讨了脱稳剂的用量,循环水的温度及pH值的变化对处理效果的影响,并进一步考察了反应后废水的静沉和离心分离情况。试验情况表明：使用L型脱稳剂能有效地去除煤气洗涤循环水中的焦油和悬浮物,其焦油去除率可达98％以上。     

Isolation and identification of fungi tolerant to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and coal tar from different habitats in Lithuania

A group of 36 fungal strains, belonging to the Lithuanian mycobiota, was collected and isolated from different locations, habitats, and matrices, including creosote-treated wood in storage yards for crosstie wastes. The eight most perspective strains selected according to preliminary assessment of tolerance to coal tar were subsequently identified combining taxonomical evaluation and molecular techniques. The tolerance of the eight identified fungal species (five basidiomycetes and three ascomycetes) to the presence of various concentrations of coal tar, and for the four most perspective fungal strains (Pleurotus sp., Schizophyllum sp., Irpex lacteus, Bjerkandera adusta) to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was evaluated. The ligninolytic enzymatic activity assay of the isolated strains resulted in a good correspondence between the tolerance to pollutants and the capability to produce ligninolytic enzymes indicating that this group of white-rot fungi is perspective for further investigation and eventual usage for mycoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons polluted substrates.     

兰炭生产过程中固体废物的产生与利用现状分析

在对国内兰炭生产工艺流程应用及现状介绍的基础上,概括总结了旧式低温干馏阶段和现阶段兰炭生产过程中固体废物的产生节点、种类、性质和主要处置方式。结果表明,旧式低温干馏阶段,兰炭生产过程中产生的固体废物主要包括煤筛分破碎工序产生的末煤和煤矸石、筛焦工序产生的焦粉、焦油冷却收集系统产生的焦油渣等;现阶段,兰炭生产过程中产生的固体废物主要包括煤筛分破碎工序产生的末煤和煤矸石以及破碎过程中经除尘器收集的煤尘、筛焦工序产生的焦粉、废水处理污泥、焦油冷却收集系统产生的焦油渣、脱硫工序产生的脱硫残液等。其中末煤、煤矸石、煤尘、焦粉作为一般工业固废全部综合利用,废水污泥、焦油渣、脱硫残液主要掺入原料煤中自行消化处置。     

From Narrative of Promise to Rhetoric of Sustainability: A Genealogy of Oil Sands

Since its conception, “oil sands” has been the name of a pro-development narrative seeking to convince skeptics that bitumen saturating the sandstone of Alberta’s Athabasca region ought to be extracted and chemically altered into Synthetic Crude Oil (SCO). Over the decades, the nature of skepticism has changed, and thus oil sands (along with its meanings and claims) has been continually reproduced so as to placate new criticisms. This paper offers a discursive genealogy of the oil sands narrative, demonstrating how it has been transformed from what was throughout the twentieth century a materially situated “narrative of promise” aiming to prove that SCO production was physically possible and that it could be commercially profitable, into what by 2015 was at its core a largely reactive “rhetoric of sustainability” aiming to convince a new class of critics that, contrary to their claims, SCO was in fact being produced in an environmentally responsible manner.     

Transport of creosote compounds in a large, intact, macroporous clayey till column

The transport in macroporous clayey till of bromide and 25 organic compounds typical of creosote was studied using a large intact soil column. The organic compounds represented the following groups: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phenolic compounds, monoaromatic hydrocarbons (BTEXs), and heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen, nitrogen or sulphur in the aromatic ring structure (NSO-compounds). The clayey till column (0.5 m in height and 0.5 m in diameter) was obtained from a depth of 1–1.5 m at an experimental site located on the island of Funen, Denmark. Sodium azide was added to the influent water of the column to prevent biodegradation of the studied organic compounds. For the first 24 days of the experiment, the flow rate was 219 ml day⁻¹ corresponding to an infiltration rate of 0.0011 m day⁻¹. At this flow rate, the effluent concentrations of bromide and the organic compounds increased very slowly. The transport of bromide and the organic compounds were successfully increased by increasing the flow rate to 1353 ml day⁻¹ corresponding to 0.0069 m day⁻¹. The experiment showed that the transport of low-molecular-weight organic compounds was not retarded relative to bromide. The high-molecular-weight organic compounds were retarded significantly. The influence of sorption on the transport of the organic compounds through the column was evaluated based on the observed breakthrough curves. The observed order in the column experiment was, with increasing retardation, the following: benzene=pyrrole=toluene=o-xylene=p-xylene=ethylbenzene=phenol=benzothiophene=benzofuran<naphthalene<1-methylpyrrole<1-methylnaphthalene=indole=o-cresol=quinoline<3,5-dimethylphenol=2,4-dimethylphenol<acridine<carbazole<2-methylquinoline<fluorene<dibenzofuran<phenanthrene=dibenzothiophene. This order could not be predicted from regularly characteristics as octanol/water-distribution coefficients of the organic compounds but only from experimentally determined data. The results indicate that a thin clayey till cover of the type described in this paper does not protect groundwater against contamination by low-molecular-weight organic compounds.