春节期间南京市大气气溶胶粒径分布特征

为研究春节期间燃放烟花爆竹对城市大气气溶胶数浓度粒径谱分布的影响,对2012年1月19~31日南京大气气溶胶数浓度、污染气体浓度和质量浓度进行了观测分析.结果表明,烟花爆竹的燃放期间10~20 nm气溶胶浓度远低于非燃放期,50~100、100~200和200~500 nm数浓度有较大增加,20~50 nm和0.5~10μm气溶胶数浓度变化不大.烟花爆竹的燃放对气溶胶数浓度谱影响较大,非燃放期数浓度谱为双峰型分布;在燃放期数浓度谱为单峰性分布,且峰值向大粒径段偏移.烟花爆竹燃放期间质量浓度谱为双峰型分布,对细粒子的质量浓度影响较大,燃放期间PM2.5/PM10和PM1.0/PM10的值可升高10%.烟花爆竹的大量燃放对1.0~2.1μm粒径段气溶胶密度影响最大,对其他粒径段密度影响较小.     

液相微萃取-气质联用法测定扎龙水样中增塑剂

采用液相微萃取前处理方法与气相色谱—质谱联用技术相结合对扎龙水样中增塑剂进行测定。     

环境监测实验室空气中汞污染与防治

采用冷原子吸收法,使用便携式测汞仪对实验室空气中汞的浓度进行测定,监测结果表明,环境监测实验室空气中汞的污染较为严重,主要来源于COD、氨氮、大气中氨及汞样品测定时含汞试剂及汞标液的使用和含汞废液的排放。根据对监测结果的评价和分析提出了相应的防治措施,提醒实验室的管理及分析人员,要增强环境保护意识,加强实验室的管理,减少含汞及其它有毒废液的排放,改善实验室的环境空气质量,保护分析人员的身体健康。     

福建沿海地区大气悬浮颗粒物及颗粒态汞的时空分布研究

2010年4月-2011年3月,对福建省厦门至泉州沿海地区大气中悬浮颗粒物（PM10）和颗粒态汞（TPM）进行为期一年的观测,结果表明其大气中PM10和TPM的浓度范围分别为6.4～426.5μg／m3和18.2～3879.4 pg／m3,PM10和TPM平均浓度分别为122.5μg／m3和947.9pg／m3。不同采样点PM10和TPM浓度的季节变化趋势稍有不同,但大致都呈冬高夏低的趋势。PM10和TPM浓度的季节变化趋势主要与气温、逆温层、降雨量等气象条件有关。同时研究分析了TPM的昼夜变化趋势,结果表明TPM浓度在春冬季主要表现为夜间浓度高于日间浓度,夏秋季则为日间浓度高于夜间浓度。     

单因子水质标识指数法在青衣江水质评价中的应用

结合大量实测资料,应用单因子水质标识指数法,根据《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002),对青衣江干流及主要支流上几个典型的河流监测断面进行水质评价。结果表明,水质标识指数法能更多、更客观的反映河流水质信息,同时,提出了青衣江水资源保护建议。     

水质对于可调式动态流量平衡阀的影响分析

文章通过对可调式动态流量平衡阀工作原理进行分析的基础上,讨论了水质对于可调式动态流量平衡阀的影响。结果表明,若水中含有颗粒物,会对可调式动态流量平衡阀产生影响,并分析了产生影响的原因。通过对不同开度下可调式动态流量平衡阀的实验证明,对于可调式动态流量平衡阀的回程影响更为明显。水质的过滤对于系统的有效运行有着重要影响。     

亚微米气溶胶高效过滤装置的设计

针对亚微米气溶胶颗粒进入大气中危害环境及人类的健康的问题,设计了一种移动式亚微米气溶胶高效过滤装置,采用最易穿透粒径法(MPPS)测试了装置的过滤效率,结果表明:该装置具有较高的过滤效率,在0.1~0.25μm粒径范围内,装置的过滤效率在99.999%以上,该设备可用于亚微米气溶胶颗粒的过滤净化。     

科学家研究发现:砍伐砂土植被或对气候威胁更大

正美国耶鲁大学等机构科学家的一项新研究发现,相比于其他土壤,砍伐砂土上生长的森林将更容易加剧全球气候变暖.土壤中的微生物能调节二氧化碳向外部的释放.砍伐森林会对土壤微生物的多样性造成破坏,这将降低土壤对二氧化碳的控制力,导致更多二氧化碳排放,并最终加剧全球气候变暖.研究人员对比了从美国11个地区采集的土壤后发现,不同质地土壤上的森林被砍伐后,土壤中微生物群落多样     

Compositions and sources of organic acids in fine particles (PM2.5) over the Pearl River Delta region, south China

Organic acids as important constituents of organic aerosols not only influence the aerosols' hygroscopic property, but also enhance the formation of new particles and secondary organic aerosols. This study reported organic acids including C14–C32fatty acids, C4–C9dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids in PM2.5collected during winter 2009 at six typical urban, suburban and rural sites in the Pearl River Delta region. Averaged concentrations of C14–C32fatty acids, aromatic acids and C4– C9 dicarboxylic acids were 157, 72.5 and 50.7 ng/m3, respectively. They totally accounted for 1.7% of measured organic carbon. C20–C32fatty acids mainly deriving from higher plant wax showed the highest concentration at the upwind rural site with more vegetation around, while C14–C18fatty acids were more abundant at urban and suburban sites, and dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids except 1,4-phthalic acid peaked at the downwind rural site. Succinic and azelaic acid were the most abundant among C4–C9dicarboxylic acids, and 1,2-phthalic and 1,4-phthalic acid were dominant aromatic acids. Dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids exhibited significant mutual correlations except for 1,4-phthalic acid, which was probably primarily emitted from combustion of solid wastes containing polyethylene terephthalate plastics. Spatial patterns and correlations with typical source tracers suggested that C14–C32fatty acids were mainly primary while dicarboxylic and aromatic acids were largely secondary. Principal component analysis resolved six sources including biomass burning, natural higher plant wax, two mixed anthropogenic and two secondary sources; further multiple linear regression revealed their contributions to individual organic acids. It turned out that more than 70% of C14–C18fatty acids were attributed to anthropogenic sources, about 50%–85% of the C20–C32fatty acids were attributed to natural sources, 80%–95% of dicarboxylic acids and 1,2-phthalic acid were secondary in contrast with that 81% of 1,4-phthalic acid was primary.     

Experimental study on filtration and continuous regeneration of a particulate filter system for heavy-duty diesel engines

This study investigated the filtration and continuous regeneration of a particulate filter system on an engine test bench, consisting of a diesel oxidation catalyst（DOC） and a catalyzed diesel particulate filter（CDPF）. Both the DOC and the CDPF led to a high conversion of NO to NO2 for continuous regeneration. The filtration efficiency on solid particle number（SPN） was close to100%. The post-CDPF particles were mainly in accumulation mode. The downstream SPN was sensitively influenced by the variation of the soot loading. This phenomenon provides a method for determining the balance point temperature by measuring the trend of SPN concentration.