活性炭固定耐冷菌对废水中硝基苯的降解

文章研究了颗粒活性炭固定鲍曼不动杆菌对硝基苯的降解情况。考查了活性炭对硝基苯的吸附等温线,符合Freulndlich经验公式,同时探究了其最佳投加量为5 mg/mL。较单纯微生物降解来说,在温度为15℃,pH为7,摇床转速140 r/min的条件下,生物活性炭降解浓度为200 mg/L的硝基苯所用时间大大缩短,而400 mg/L的硝基苯不能直接被菌株降解,固定化后84 h可基本完全降解,并且由于微生物作用活性炭得到再生。     

Alga-lysing bioreactor and dominant bacteria strain

Alga-lysing bacteria have been paid much attention to in recent years. In this study, the alga-lysing strain P05 which was isolated from an immobilizing biosystem was immobilized by coke and elastic filler, forming two biological reactors. The removal efficiencies of algae, NH4^＋-N and organic matter using the two reactors were studied. The results showed that strain P05 was an ideal algal-lysing bacteria strain because it was easy to be immobilized by coke and elastic filler which are of cheap, low biodegradability and the simple immobilization procedure. After 7 d filming, the biological film could be formed and the reactors were used to treat the eutrophic water. These two reactors were of stability and high effect with low cost and easy operation. The optimal hydraulic retention time （HRT） of each reactor was 4 h. The algae removal rates were 80.38% and 82.1% （in term of Chl-α） of coke reactor and filler reactor, respectively. And that of NH4^＋-N were 52.3% and 52.7%. The removal rates of CODMn were 39.03% and 39.64%. The strain P05 was identified as Bacillus sp. by PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene, BLAST analysis, and comparison with sequences in the GenBank nucleotide database.     

CMC-膨润土交联固定镰刀菌反应器对对氯苯酚废水的降解特性

采用CMC-膨润土交联方法固定镰刀菌,研究了其固定方法对4-CP废水的降解效果,考察了固定化生物反应器间歇与连续运行处理4-CP废水的降解性能.结果表明,CMC-膨润土包埋固定镰刀菌对4-CP的降解速率最大;反应器问歇运行时,4-CP的降解率随其初始浓度增加而有所下降,浓度高于50 mg·L-1的4-CP降解过程基本上...     

Removal of copper ions from aqueous solution by calcium alginate immobilized kaolin

Kaolin has been widely used as an adsorbent to remove heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. However, the lower heavy metal adsorption capacity of kaolin limits its practical application. A novel environmental friendly material, calcium alginate immobilized kaolin (kaolin/CA), was prepared using a sol-gel method. The e ects of contact time, pH, adsorbent dose, and temperature on Cu2+ adsorption by kaolin/CA were investigated. The Langmuir isotherm was used to describe the experimental adsorption, the maximum Cu2+ adsorption capacity of the kaolin/CA reached up to 53.63 mg/g. The thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption reaction was a spontaneous and endothermic process.     

一株苯酚降解菌的分离鉴定及响应面法优化其固定化

从太原市焦化厂废水活性污泥中分离、筛选出一株苯酚降解细菌,经生理生化反应和16S rRNA鉴定,该菌株为Diaphorobacter属细菌,命名为PD-07.代谢机制研究表明,苯酚可诱导该菌合成邻苯二酚2,3-加氧酶降解苯酚.为了提高该菌株对苯酚的降解率,以海藻酸钙为材料,对该菌株进行包埋固定化研究.首先采用Plackett–Burman实验设计筛选出影响固定化菌株苯酚降解率的关键因素,然后采用最陡爬坡实验逼近最大苯酚降解率响应区域.最后用Box–Behnken实验设计及响应面回归分析,应用二次方程对实验数据进行拟合得,拟合曲线与实验实测值相关性良好,最佳条件为海藻酸钠浓度3.83%(m/V)、CaCl20.3mol/L、菌胶比1:26.73、固定化时间2h、摇床转速180r/min、培养温度30℃、初始pH值7.2、液固比4.86:1,在此条件下苯酚降解率可达96.89%.     

活性炭纤维固定化菌对微囊藻毒素MC-LR的去除研究

研究了藻蓝蛋白提取过程中微囊藻毒素MC-LR的释放分布规律,并用活性炭纤维对一株微囊藻毒素降解菌株进行了固定化,考察了不同活性炭纤维预处理方法、活性炭纤维用量、pH值、温度以及MC-LR浓度对固定化藻毒素降解菌去除MC-LR的影响.结果表明,藻蓝蛋白提取过程中MC-LR主要分布在超滤滤液中,占MC-LR总含量的81.2%.固定化藻毒素降解菌去除MC-LR的效率明显高于非固定化藻毒素降解菌.藻毒素降解菌用(1+9)盐酸预处理后的活性炭纤维固定化,其去除效果最佳.MC-LR去除的最适条件为:活性炭纤维用量为10g/L,温度为35℃,pH值为8.0.固定化藻毒素降解菌对pH值,温度具有一定的耐受性,能够在pH5~pH9、10℃~35℃范围内有效地去除MC-LR.     

Biosorption mechanisms involved in immobilization of soil Pb by Bacillus subtilis DBM in a multimetal-contaminated soil

Mechanisms of soil Pb immobilization by Bacillus subtilis DBM, a bacterial strain isolated from a heavy-metal-contaminated soil, were investigated. Adsorption and desorption experiments with living bacterial cells as well as dead cells revealed that both extracellular adsorption and intracellular accumulation were involved in the Pb2＋removal from the liquid phase. Of the sequestered Pb（II）, 8.5% was held by physical entrapment within the cell wall, 43.3% was held by ion-exchange, 9.7% was complexed with cell surface functional groups or precipitated on the cell surface, and 38.5% was intracellularly accumulated.Complexation of Pb2＋with carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl, amido, and phosphate groups was demonstrated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis. Precipitates of Pb5（PO4）3OH, Pb5（PO4）3Cl and Pb10（PO4）6（OH）2that formed on the cell surface during the biosorption process were identified by X-ray diffraction analysis. Transmission electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopic analysis confirmed the presence of the Pb（II）precipitates and that Pb（II） could be sequestered both extracellularly and intracellularly.Incubation with B. subtilis DBM significantly decreased the amount of the weak-acid-soluble Pb fraction in a heavy-metal-contaminated soil, resulting in a reduction in Pb bioavailability, but increased the amount of its organic-matter-bound fraction by 71%. The ability of B.subtilis DBM to reduce the bioavailability of soil Pb makes it potentially useful for bacteria-assisted phytostabilization of multi-heavy-metal-contaminated soil.     

真菌LP-20对金属矿土壤镉锌的固定化作用研究

采用真菌分离纯化的方法从某重金属污染土壤中筛选分离出一株能够耐受并吸附二价镉、锌离子(Cd(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ))的真菌菌株LP-20。考察不同修复时间以及土壤p H值对固定化效率的影响。固定化效率以反应前后的镉锌有效态含量(利用TCLP提取液提取法测定)变化衡量。根据ITS(Internal transcribed spacer)r RNA基因测序结果,菌株LP-20属于Trichoderma spirale。LP-20对于Cd(Ⅱ)的固定效果普遍优于Zn(Ⅱ),并且对Cd(Ⅱ)的固定时间(10 d)少于对Zn(Ⅱ)的固定时间(20 d)。LP-20对于Cd(Ⅱ)和Zn(Ⅱ)的固定作用的最适宜p H范围为3~5。发现能够对土壤中镉锌离子具有良好固定化效果的真菌菌株对于发展土壤重金属污染的原位无毒无害化治理技术具有重要的实际意义。     

壳聚糖活性污泥复合吸附剂的制备研究

为了提高污泥细胞吸附重金属离子的应用能力,采用壳聚糖包埋固定活性污泥,制备了粒径2~3 mm的壳聚糖活性污泥复合吸附剂SCTS.以吸附溶液中CrO2-4的吸附率为指标,通过单因素实验对制备过程中采用的2种固化液及5种发泡剂进行比选,考察了固化液浓度、发泡剂量、交联剂量、活性污泥与壳聚糖用量比值及发泡温度对SCTS吸附能力的影响,由正交实验确定影响因素主次顺序及最优水平组合.结果发现,固化液浓度、发泡剂量、污泥与壳聚糖用量比值及发泡温度对SCTS吸附能力影响较强,影响次序为固化液浓度发泡剂量活性污泥与壳聚糖用量比值发泡温度.最优水平组合为4 g·L-1三聚磷酸钠(STPP)固化液、剂量为吸附剂质量10%的NH4HCO3发泡剂、活性污泥与壳聚糖用量比值0.5、发泡温度100℃,此时CrO2-4吸附率最高可达97.3%.该吸附剂的制备研究为污泥的资源化利用探索了新的途径.     

高效聚磷菌Alcaligenes sp. ED-12菌株的分离鉴定及其除磷特性

利用经典的微生物筛选方法,从福州市闽侯县上街镇高岐村某排污口淤泥中分离出1株高效聚磷菌,并结合16S rRNA基因序列分析进行了菌株鉴定.结果表明,该菌株为产碱杆菌,将其命名为Alcaligenes sp.ZGED-12.理化因素实验显示,在以乙酸钠为碳源、NH4Cl为氮源,当C/N为3∶1,pH为8.0,温度和摇床转速分别为35℃和100 r·min-1时,该菌株的生长状态最好,对磷的去除能力也最强,最高除磷率可达80%.此外,该菌株能够耐受较高浓度的磷,当磷浓度超过45 mg·L-1时会产生抑制效应.同时,以聚乙烯醇(PVA)和海藻酸盐(SA)制备了聚磷微生物固定化小球,并考察了菌球对氮磷废水的净化效果.结果表明,氮磷的去除包括固定化材料的吸附作用及微生物的生长利用和/或贮存,显示出了良好的应用前景.