Influences of working pressure on properties for TiO2 films deposited by DC pulse magnetron sputtering

TiO2 films were deposited at room temperature by DC pulse magnetron sputtering system.The crystalline structures,morphological features and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 films were systematically investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD),atomic force microscopy and ultraviolet spectrophotometer,respectively.The results indicated that the working pressure was the key deposition parameters influencing the TiO2 film phase composition at room temperature,which directly affected its photocatalytic activity.With increasing the working pressure,the target self-bias decreases monotonously.Therefore,low temperature TiO2 phase (anatase) could be deposited with high working pressure.The anatase TiO2 films deposited with 1.4 Pa working pressure displayed the highest photocatalytic activity by decomposition of Methyl Orange solution,which the degradation rate reached the maximum (35%) after irradiation by ultraviolet light for 1 h.     

Synthesis, characterization, and adsorption performance of Pb（Ⅱ）-imprinted polymer in nano-TiO2 matrix

Surface ion-imprinted in combination with sol-gel process was applied to synthesis a new Pb(II)-imprinted polymer for selective separation and enrichment of trace Pb(II) from aqueous solution. The prepared material was characterized by using the infrared spectra, X-ray di ractometer, and scanning electron microscopy. The batch experiments were conducted to study the optimal adsorption condition of adsorption trace Pb(II) from aqueous solutions on Pb(II)-imprinted polymer. The equilibrium was achieved in approximately 4.0 h, and the experimental kinetic data were fitted the pseudo second-order model better. The maximum adsorption capacity was 22.7 mg/g, and the Langmuir equation fitted the adsorption isotherm data. The results of selectivity experiment showed that selectively adsorbed rate of Pb(II) on Pb(II)-imprinted polymer was higher than all other studied ions. Desorption conditions of the adsorbed Pb(II) from the Pb(II)-imprinted polymer were also studied in batch experiments. The prepared Pb(II)-imprinted polymer was shown to be promising for the separation and enrichment of trace Pb(II) from water samples. The adsorption and desorption mechanisms were proposed.     

水热条件对粉煤灰沸石离子交换性能的影响

沸石的离子交换性能是决定其应用价值的一个重要指标。为衡量粉煤灰沸石的应用性能,本研究主要考察了反应温度、反应时间以及添加剂等水热反应条件对合成粉煤灰沸石产品离子交换性能(CEC,Cation Exchange Capacity)的影响。结果表明,产品的CEC值随着反应温度和反应时间增加而增大,至120℃、6h达到最大。添加剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和95%乙醇有效促进了NaP1沸石的结晶过程,均可使产品CEC值提高10%以上。合成NaP1型粉煤灰沸石的最佳水热反应条件为:反应温度120℃,反应时间6h,液固比(mL/g)为8,氢氧化钠浓度为2mol/L,95%乙醇作为添加剂。所得粉煤灰沸石产品CEC值达到最大值198.31cmol/kg。     

一株高效十四烷降解菌的筛选及降解条件优化

采集某炼油厂废水处理车间的回流污泥,以十四烷作为唯一碳源筛选分离到一株高效十四烷降解菌。经形态学观察和生理生化特征研究,鉴定为布兰汉氏球菌(Branhamella sp.)。对其降解十四烷的条件进行了优化,实验结果表明,最适降解条件为接种量0.5%,温度35℃,初始pH=7,碳氮摩尔比为0.4:1,在最佳条件下,当十四烷的初始浓度约为50mg/L时,在12h内降解率高达98%以上。     

凹凸棒石/γ-Fe_2O_3/碳纳米复合材料的制备及其对苯酚的吸附作用

为获得同时具有有机亲和性和磁分离特性的吸附材料,以凹凸棒石黏土和废活性白土为原材料,通过铁盐水解共沉淀和在氢气气氛下程序升温煅烧的方法,制备廉价的凹凸棒石γ-Fe2O3/碳纳米复合材料.运用磁化率分析,红外吸收光谱,透射电镜,X射线衍射分析和碳含量分析对其进行了表征,并研究了复合材料吸附去除水中苯酚的动力学、吸附试验中pH的影响及同等条件下与其他吸附材料吸附性能的对比.结果表明,复合材料的磁化率值为2 769×10-8m3/kg,用磁分离工序即可把该吸附材料从溶液中快速分离出来;铁的磁性氧化物以γ-Fe2O3的形态负载到凹凸棒石表面,颗粒直径为10～60nm;碳以无定形的形态负载在凹凸棒石晶体表面;复合材料中的ω(碳)为7.4%,材料中出现了有机官能团-CH3和-CH2-.对苯酚的吸附试验表明,复合材料对苯酚的去除率是凹凸棒石原矿的3倍.     

新型规整吸附/光催化偶联催化剂性能研究

在预先成形的金属网上制备规整炭化物载体,载体经TiO2负载、烧结后制成新型规整型吸附/光催化偶联催化剂。以室内空气典型污染物苯为模拟降解对象,研究了该催化剂的光催化活性及活性影响因素。此外,还研究了载体的吸附性、气相的湿度及流速对负载催化剂反应性能的影响。实验结果表明:载体的吸附性对催化剂的反应性能有影响,在苯的初始浓度80mg/m3、光照2h的相同条件下,在两个不同吸附性载体的负载催化剂上,苯的净降解率分别为51.1%和33.56%;气速对催化剂反应性能的影响体现在传质阻力和停留时间上,反应过程存在一个最佳气速;气相的湿度对催化剂的反应性能影响不大,在苯初始浓度300mg/m3、光照2h条件下,气相的相对湿度由33%增至75%,苯的净降解率变化不超过5%。     

《环境科学与技术》总目次

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金属掺杂纳米TiO2薄膜的制备和抗菌性能研究

采用sol—gel法在载玻片表面制备了Ce,Cu,i．a,Ag掺杂的锐铁矿相TiO2薄膜,并通过SEM,XRD．FT—IR及UVVIS进行了表征,比较了薄膜的抗菌性能．UV—VIS研究表明,金属掺杂纳米TiO2薄膜在近紫外区吸光度有明显提高。抗菌实验表明掺Ag的TiO2薄膜抗菌效果最佳。     

可生物降解材料聚羟基脂肪酸酯（PHA）的合成与应用概述

聚羟基脂肪酸酯（polyhydroxyalkanoates,PHA）是很多微生物合成的一种细胞内聚酯,是一种天然的高分子生物材料。PHA具有良好的生物相容性能、生物可降解性和塑料的热加工等性能。文章主要综述了PHA的合成途径与有关应用方面的研究。     

直接染料在兼氧条件下的生物降解性能研究

实验分析了6大类14种直接染料在兼氧条件下的降解性能和脱色效果。在未加葡萄糖的实验中,采用不同温度（20℃与35℃）和不同停留时间来测定染料的降解性能。结果表明,35℃下的最佳停留时间为48h,此时的COD。的去除率及脱色均有较好的效果,而在72h的停留时间下,降解效果无明显提升。20℃下最佳停留时间则为72h,此时的COD。去除率及脱色效果与35℃下的结果很接近。在添加葡萄糖的实验中得到结果证实了葡萄糖作为在共代谢作用中的碳源对促进染料的降解起到非常积极的作用。