鲁西北棉花雹灾损失监测信息系统研究

鲁西北是我国最主要的产棉区,但棉花生长受雹灾影响频繁,致使棉花产量和质量下降,甚至局部绝产.本文对建立棉花雹灾损失监测信息系统的技术方法进行了探讨,包括棉花分布遥感调查、雹灾径迹雷达监测、数据库建立和棉花雹灾损失分析等,并给出了应用实例.     

GIS和环境管理信息系统建设

结合地理信息系统的环境管理信息系统结构和功能形式，以贵阳市的大气环境管理信息系统建设为例，具体阐述了GIS基本功能应用，分析认为，深入结合地理信息系统与环境模型，才能促进环境管理信息系统向“决策支持”型和“专家”型方向发展，同时，环境信息的收集方式、共享程度和二次开发深度也将受到深刻的影响。     

以历史灾情资料为依据的农业自然灾害风险评估方法

针对小区域内历史灾情资料不多的特点,引入了信息扩散的模糊数学方法,对历史灾情资料进行优化处理,提供了对农业自然灾害进行风险评估的实用方法。在“湖南省自然灾害风险监测管理信息系统”中的应用表明,该方法给出的结果同实际情况相当吻合。     

Clean production in context: an information infrastructure perspective

The electronics industry is generally recognized as a leader in clean production practices. Industrial ecology, however, encourages a systemic approach to sectoral behavior, which means that not just production, but also the role of electronics products and services in supporting an information culture should be considered as part of a comprehensive analysis. The eventual goal should be the production of social practices and systems that provide the desired functionality and quality of life in an environmentally acceptable manner. A conceptual framework for such an analysis of information infrastructure is presented, although the analyses and data required for a full understanding remain limited and preliminary in many ways.     

The Great Lakes Hydrography Dataset: Consistent,Binational Watersheds for the Laurentian Great Lakes Basin

Ecosystem‐based management of the Laurentian Great Lakes, which spans both the United States and Canada, is hampered by the lack of consistent binational watersheds for the entire Basin. Using comparable data sources and consistent methods, we developed spatially equivalent watershed boundaries for the binational extent of the Basin to create the Great Lakes Hydrography Dataset (GLHD). The GLHD consists of 5,589 watersheds for the entire Basin, covering a total area of approximately 547,967 km², or about twice the 247,003 km² surface water area of the Great Lakes. The GLHD improves upon existing watershed efforts by delineating watersheds for the entire Basin using consistent methods; enhancing the precision of watershed delineation using recently developed flow direction grids that have been hydrologically enforced and vetted by provincial and federal water resource agencies; and increasing the accuracy of watershed boundaries by enforcing embayments, delineating watersheds on islands, and delineating watersheds for all tributaries draining to connecting channels. In addition, the GLHD is packaged in a publically available geodatabase that includes synthetic stream networks, reach catchments, watershed boundaries, a broad set of attribute data for each tributary, and metadata documenting methodology. The GLHD provides a common set of watersheds and associated hydrography data for the Basin that will enhance binational efforts to protect and restore the Great Lakes.     

环境监测管理信息平台的开发与应用研究

针对环境监测管理信息平台的开发与应用,介绍了环境监测管理信息平台和开发,探讨了环境监测信息平台的主要功能,主要包括环境监测的人员管理、仪器设备管理、标准物质管理和质控管理,介绍了环境监测信息平台系统的特点,主要是环境监测的信息收集和利用、智能化预警机制、方便的信息查询,提出了环境监测平台实施中的探讨,如环境监测的前期设计和沟通、数据初始化和数据动态更新.     

A spatially explicit framework for quantifying downstream hydrologic conditions

Continued improvements in spatial datasets and hydrological modeling algorithms within Geographic Information Systems (GISs) have enhanced opportunities for watershed analysis. With more detailed hydrology layers and watershed delineation techniques, we can now better represent and model landscape to water quality relationships. Two challenges in modeling these relationships are selecting the appropriate spatial scale of watersheds for the receiving stream segment, and handling the network or pass-through issues of connected watersheds. This paper addresses these two important issues for enhancing cumulative watershed capabilities in GIS. Our modeling framework focuses on the delineation of stream-segment-level watershed boundaries for 1:24 000 scale hydrology, in combination with a topological network model. The result is a spatially explicit, vector-based, spatially cumulative watershed modeling framework for quantifying watershed conditions to aid in restoration. We demonstrate the new insights available from this modeling framework in a cumulative mining index for the management of aquatic resources in a West Virginia watershed.     

基于Web GIS的四川省自然保护区信息管理系统

本文简要介绍了四川省自然保护区信息管理系统的设计思路、框架结构及运行界面。以ArcGIS Server为开发平台,使用SQL Server管理属性数据,采用四川省1∶25万基础地理数据,设计并开发四川省自然保护区信息管理系统,在地图服务的基础上,实现对四川省自然保护区的浏览、查询,为自然保护区的管理提供一个科学、准确的决策支持。     

基于GIS的湖北省水稻生产潜力研究

使用GIS技术，以分县（市，区）为基本单位研究湖北省近年水稻生产状况。综合气象资料、地形数据、水稻作物生长发育规律和适应性气候指标，划分出湖北省水稻适宜性种植区域；根据各县（市、区）区域水稻实际生产数据，分早、中、晚稻划定出水稻生产的高、中和低产区域；测算湖北省水稻光温生产潜力为 17 000~22 000 kg/hm2，光温生产潜力可利用度为3306%~7830%。按照农业气候资源的相似性和农业气候利用一致性原则研究表明：湖北省水稻综合生产潜力为31742万t。该研究结果和建立的数据库为更好地指导和规〖JP2〗划湖北省水稻种植、生产和实施系列高产科技工程项目提供了依据和参考。该研究方法，能够扩展用于粮食作物种植区划和农业区划研究     

Mapping Economic Returns to Agriculture for Informing Environmental Policy in the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia

We integrate information from several disparate data sources including agricultural statistics and remote sensing to quantify and map the distribution and dynamics of agricultural returns to land and water resources from 1996/1997 to 2000/2001 in the Murray–Darling Basin (MDB), Australia. Total profit to agriculture was estimated at AUD3.86B in 1996/1997 and AUD3.73B in 2000/2001. The mapping reveals a high spatial concentration of economic returns to land and water resources from agriculture. Dryland agriculture covers over 82% of the study area. Irrigated agriculture covers 1.7% of the land area (2000/2001) but returns one third of the total profit to agriculture. We found that around 80% of the profit to agriculture comes from just over 5% of the land area. The results from this regional scale economic mapping can inform regulatory policy and public investments in natural resource management through targeting industries and regions that provide low marginal returns to the natural resource base.