放射性核素60Co在土壤中的淋溶和迁移分布

采用模拟土柱法及同位素示踪技术研究了60Co在2种淹水土壤(小粉土、黄红壤)中的淋溶和垂直迁移.结果表明,淋溶后收集到的全部淋溶水中60Co的含量较少,小粉土及黄红壤淋溶水中60Co分别为总活度的5.61%和5.25%;滞留于土壤中的60Co绝大部分分布在土壤表层0~1.0cm范围内,小粉土及黄红壤中分别有69.74%~78.63%和75.77%~86.84%的60Co 滞留于0~1.0cm土层范围内;土壤中60Co 比活度与距土壤表层深度分布呈单项指数规律.     

Control of hydrogen sulphide in digestor gas using iron salts

Different dosages of ferrous chloride and ferric chloride were added to digestors separately, and the volumes of methane and hydrogen sulphide contained in the digestor gas (biogas) were monitored. It was noted that the effects of adding of 16, 18 and 32 kg ferrous chloride/ tonne volatile solids, and 16 and 18 kg ferric chloride/tonne volatile solids were similarly effective in controlling the hydrogen sulphide levels.

According to an average amount of undigested sludge (primary sludge mixed with surplus activated sludge) of 41 tonne volatile solids produced each day during the sewage treatment process in Shatin sewage treatment works, and the required dosage of 16 kg ferric chloride/ tonne volatile solids, the amount of iron salts required should be 656 kg/day or 3.3 mg/L for the actual application, based on an average sewage flow of 200,000 m³/day.     

提高昆钢生活饮用水供水水质分析

《生活饮用水卫生标准》（GB5749—2006）对供水水质提出更加严格的要求。对新标准主要特点和基本要求、昆钢生活饮用水供应现状及面临的主要问题进行了分析,立足现有工艺条件和设施,探讨了提高昆钢生活饮用水供水水质的方法措施。     

土壤、矿物质对60Co的吸附

研究了土壤、矿物质对60Co的吸附与水浸解吸.结果表明,(1)土壤、矿物质对60Co具有较强的吸附能力,饱和吸附率为68.6 %～97.1 %,分配系数为22～357 cm3/g;吸附率和分配系数大小顺序两者相同:硅藻土＞青紫泥＞红黄壤＞高岭土＞珍珠岩＞粉泥土.(2)60Co被土壤、矿物质吸附后不易解吸,解吸率1 %左右,大小顺序为红黄壤＞粉泥土＞高岭土＞珍珠岩＞青紫泥＞硅藻土.     

Co/Al2O3催化剂上CH4的CO2重整反应研究

通过研究不同Ｃｏ负载量的Ｃｏ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂对ＣＨ４的ＣＯ２重整剂合成气活性的影响,发现Ｃｏ负载量为１３％（Ｗｔ）的Ｃｏ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３活性最好,考察了反应温度,空速,还原温度等对催化剂活性和产物中ＣＯ／Ｈ２比例的影响,结果表明反应温度升高,ＣＨ４的ＣＯ２的转化率均增加,但随空速的增加而降低,还原温度在４００℃时催化剂显示出活性最好,产物中ＣＯ／Ｈ２的比例,随反应条件不同而略有增减。     

纳木错夏季酵母菌多样性及其影响因素

以纳木错湖水为研究对象,采用膜过滤平置培养法分离纯化酵母菌,并结合ITS区域序列分析与经典分类法对酵母菌菌株进行鉴定,运用生物信息学和统计学方法分析水体可培养酵母菌的多样性及其与理化因子之间的相关关系.结果显示,从纳木错水体中分离出1067株酵母菌,分属于27个属45个种及2个潜在新分类单元,优势种为Vishniacozyma victoriae和Naganishia adeliensis.NMDS分析显示,纳木错不同区域水体可培养酵母菌群落β多样性差异明显.Pearson相关性分析结果表明,酵母菌总丰度与pH值、电导率、总溶解固体量、盐度呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）,与总氮、氨氮呈显著正相关（P<0.05）;物种数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数均与总磷呈显著负相关（P<0.05）.冗余分析显示,pH值是影响纳木错水体酵母菌种群分布的主要理化因子.综上,纳木错水体酵母菌资源比较丰富且存在明显的空间异质性,水体理化因子对纳木错水体可培养酵母菌的分布有较大的影响.     

青藏高原纳木错湖水主要化学离子的时空变化特征

为揭示青藏高原纳木错湖水化学离子的时空变化特征、来源以及主要控制因子,于2006～2010年连续定点(30°47.27’N,90°58.53’E,4 718 m a.s.l.)采集近岸表层湖水样品;于2009年8月采集湖心区剖面样品;于2010年10月采集湖心区剖面样品及表层湖水样品;对其主要化学离子进行分析.结果表明,纳木错湖水中主要阳离子为Na+,主要阴离子为HCO3-.绝大多数离子浓度在季风期较高(6～9月),而非季风期尤其是封冻期(1～4月)偏低;Ca2+浓度的变化则相反,即封冻期较高,而非封冻期较低且变化较小.对垂直剖面湖水分析表明,在湖水垂直结构稳定的非季风期(如10月),除Ca2+浓度随深度无显著变化外,其他离子浓度随深度增加而增大.纳木错湖水主要离子来源于入湖河水的贡献;影响离子时空变化的因素包括蒸发、降水、pH值等,其中蒸发是最主要的影响因素,它造成湖水Na+浓度不断升高而Ca2+浓度降低.     

烟气组成对乙二胺合钴脱硝剂寿命的影响

在鼓泡反应器中考察了SO_2、CO_2的加入对乙二胺合钴体系脱硝的影响。结果表明:通入CO_2会导致脱硝率整体下降,CO_2竞争钴络合位点,在低CO_2浓度时生成碳酸盐络合物,并且其溶解转化消耗OH~-,阻碍了OH~-对NO_2络合物的再生,酸性的下降也使络合物稳定性降低。通入SO_2浓度越大,脱硝率和pH下降越快,pH降到7以下时络合物因解离而逐渐释放Co~(2+)和乙二胺,酸性条件下SO_2溶解产物与乙二胺的结合加速了络合物解离。在含SO_2混合气脱硝体系中不断补充少量乙二胺可使络合液原位再生。     

Laboratory studies of the diffusive transport of Cs and Co through potential waste repository soils

Tests using reconstituted samples have been performed to assess the diffusive transport of ¹³⁷Cs and ⁶⁰Co through natural regolith materials from a region in South Australia being considered for a radioactive waste repository. A double diffusion cell apparatus made of polycarbonate resin was developed to estimate the effective diffusion (D_e) and sorption coefficients (K_d) that allowed large withdrawals from the source and collector cells and has enabled tests with low concentrations of radioactivity. An alternative to porous stainless steel filter plates has also been used to reduce uncertainty in test interpretation. Analysis of the transient data used a staged method of the Laplace transform to take into consideration the volume of the samples withdrawn from the apparatus during testing. At test completion samples were cut into slices and analysed for radionuclide concentration. Data obtained from the sliced samples confirmed that both numerical and experimental data produced acceptable mass balance. The D_e values obtained in this study were of the order of 10⁻⁶ cm² s⁻¹ for both species, higher than previously published data. The K_d values from the diffusion and batch sorption tests were in reasonable agreement for ¹³⁷Cs, but an order of magnitude different for ⁶⁰Co. The sorption of the latter radionuclide was strongly pH dependent, and this dependency during diffusion tests would benefit from further investigation.     

生物源提取液与工业废水对土壤中Ni、Co的活化研究

研究了酢浆草提取液(OX)、猪粪提取液(PM)以及味精厂废水(MGW)对土壤中Ni、Co的作用。结果表明，OX提取液原液对土壤中的Ni、Co有较好的活化作用，其活化比例分别达到4．8％和14．6％，但稀释后效果大幅度下降；MGW原液可活化土壤中的1．6％的Ni，但对Co的活化效果较差；PM提取液则对土壤中的重金属起到一定的固定作用。OX提取液的pH值与Ni、Co总活化比例之间呈显著幂相关，可能是由于受到多种酸性活性成分的影响所致。