固定化微生物技术处理废水

归纳综述了固定化微生物技术在废水处理领域的应用,着重介绍了常用固定化方法、载体的选择、影响因素等3方面的内容。固定化微生物技术处理废水具有效率高、稳定性好、能纯化和保持高效菌种等优点,有广阔的应用前景。实际应用中,能否开发出成本低、寿命长,且能使固定微生物保持较长时间的强度和活度的载体及固定化方法,则是推广该技术的关键。     

Performance and stability of an anaerobic fixed bed reactor subjected to progressive increasing concentrations of influent organic matter and organic shock loads

Data on the performance of a horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass (HAIB) reactor subjected to step increases of organic loading rates (OLR) and to organic shock loads (OSL) are presented and discussed. The tubular reactor (100 cm long and 5 cm diameter) with a useful volume of 1995 mL was filled with polyurethane foam cubic matrices holding immobilized biomass and fed with synthetic wastewater. The reactor was operated at the controlled temperature of 30+/-1 degrees C and hydraulic retention time of 7 h. After about 15 days, the HAIB reactor attained operating stability. Thereafter, it was subjected to step increases of the applied OLR that ranged from 6.8 to 18.8 kg COD/m(3)d. After steady state had been achieved at each step, OSL corresponding to approximately three times the operating OLR were applied for 7 h. No disturbance was observed due to the step increase in OLR. An increase in effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD) and volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentrations and a decrease in the percentage of methane in the biogas were observed due to OSL applications. However, stability of the monitoring parameters was always restored approximately 17 h after the application of OSL for all conditions tested.     

活细胞固定化技术在焦化废水生物处理中的应用试验

焦化废水所含污染物包括酚类、多环芳香族化合物及舍氮、氧、硫的杂环化合物等,是一种典型的舍有难降解的有机化合物的工业废水。实验通过活性污泥的驯化,从中分离筛选到2株酚类有机物降解优势菌株,分别命名为TYZ-1和TYZ-2。将放大培养后的优势菌种用海藻酸钠包埋法固定,利用固定化的微生物初步研究了焦化废水有机物的降解特性。结果发现,当废水起始COD质量浓度为1200mg/L时,在pH值为7,细菌浓度约为1×10^7个／mL,处理时间为10h．原水样中的COD降解率达到62％。     

Development of a field enhanced photocatalytic device for biocide of coliform bacteria

A field enhanced flow reactor using bias assisted photocatalysis was developed for bacterial disinfection in lab-synthesized and natural waters. The reactor provided complete inactivation of contaminated waters with flow rates of 50 m L/min. The device consisted of titanium dioxide nanotube arrays, with an externally applied bias of up to 6 V. Light intensity, applied voltage, background electrolytes and bacteria concentration were all found to impact the device performance. Complete inactivation of Escherichia coli W3110(~ 8 × 10~3CFU/m L) occurred in 15 sec in the reactor irradiated at 25 m W/cm~2 with an applied voltage of 4 V in a 100 ppm NaCl solution. Real world testing was conducted using source water from Emigration Creek in Salt Lake City, Utah. Disinfection of natural creek water proved more challenging, providing complete bacterial inactivation after 25 sec at 6 V. A reduction in bactericidal efficacy was attributed to the presence of inorganic and organic species, as well as the increase in robustness of natural bacteria.     

生物活性炭在生活污水处理中的基础研究

探讨利用粒状生物活性炭（GBAC）和固定粉状生物活性炭（IPBAC）对人工废水CODMn处理的效果。结果表明,GBAC和IPBAC中微生物的生长（UV254）与运行周期密切相关。GBAC和IPBAC运行初期内,炭表面的生物膜逐步形成,微生物不稳定,从而导致UV254值波动较大。随着运行周期的延长,生物膜生长逐步趋于稳定。随着炭层高度的增长,生物活性炭对CODMn的去除率也越大。GBAC与IPBAC对CODMn都有很高的去除率,但GBAC对CODMn的去除率高于IPBAC。     

固定化微生物技术在环境工程中的应用研究进展

综述了固定化微生物的制作方法及载体的选择,并对固定化技术在废水、大气和土壤等环境工程中的应用和研究进展状况进行了简介,同时对固定化技术的应用前景及存在的问题进行了评述。     

粉煤灰固定化絮凝剂填充床-鼓气工艺漂染污水处理研究

以粉煤灰固定化絮凝剂填充成絮凝过滤床 ,并组合成连续 -鼓气式五级絮凝过滤床污水处理系统。在吸附、絮凝、沉降、过滤和降解等协同作用下 ,污水流量为 2 5 L/h、鼓气量为 5 0 L/( L· h)、级数为 5时 ,处理水的悬浮物、色度、COD、氨氮、硫化物和苯胺的去除率分别为 99.0 %、91.8%、96.9%、95 %、96.9%、90 .6% ,p H=6.2～ 6.9,基本达到纺织染整工业污水 级排放标准     

固定化小球藻净化污水的初步研究

采用褐藻酸钙凝胶包埋固定普通小球藻,对人工配制的污水进行静态模拟净化实验,研究了普通小球藻在固定和悬浮状态下,对污水中氨氮、正磷酸盐及重金属汞的净化效率。结果表明,固定化小球藻的净化效率比悬浮态要高得多,固定化小球藻对汞毒性的抗性亦较悬浮态强,在对悬浮藻有致死作用的汞浓度条件下仍具较高净化效率,同时分析了不同浓度的汞对其净化效率的影响。