攀枝花市空气监测优化布设的方法

在分散成若干片区、地形复杂的工业城市进行空气监测优化布设时,应先确定测点所在的片区。优化时必须考虑地形和气象特点、污染源的分布和片区的功能特征。再根据片区内主要污染物及源分布确定决策团子。优化时再考虑片区内的污染气象条件,采用适当的空气扩散模式和动态模拟的方法。经过夏、秋两季实测结果证明,优化的测点代表性良好。     

线性规划方法在城市大气污染物排放总量控制中的应用

为了实施城市大气污染物排放总量控制，实现逐点浓度达标与各功能区达标，本文讨论了线性规划方法在大气污染物排放总量控制中的具体应用，提出了合理选择控制点和计算污染物浓度贡献系数矩阵的方法，结合控制点源排放的Ａ－Ｐ值法建立了大气污染物排放总量控制模型。     

Optimizing carbon sequestration in commercial forests by integrating carbon management objectives in wood supply modeling

This paper provides a methodology for generating forest management plans, which explicitly maximize carbon (C) sequestration at the forest-landscape level. This paper takes advantage of concepts first presented in a paper by Meng et al. (2003; Mitigation Adaptation Strategies Global Change 8:371–403) by integrating C-sequestration objective functions in existing wood supply models. Carbon-stock calculations performed in Woodstock^TM (RemSoft Inc.) are based on C yields generated from volume table data obtained from local Forest Development Survey plots and a series of wood volume-to-C content conversion factors specified in von Mirbach (2000). The approach is used to investigate the impact of three demonstration forest-management scenarios on the C budget in a 110,000 ha forest in south-central New Brunswick, Canada. Explicit demonstration scenarios addressed include (1) maximizing timber extraction either by clearcut or selection harvesting for greatest revenue generation, (2) maximizing total C storage in the forest landscape and in wood products generated from harvesting, and (3) maximizing C storage together with revenue generation. The level of clearcut harvesting was greatest for scenario 1 (≥15 × 10⁴ m³ of wood and ≥943 ha of land per harvesting period), and least for scenario 2 (=0 m³ per harvesting period) where selection harvesting dominated. Because softwood saw logs were worth more than pulpwood ($60 m⁻³ vs. $40 m⁻³) and were strategic to the long-term storage of C, the production of softwood saw logs exceeded the production of pulpwood in all scenarios. Selection harvesting was generally the preferred harvesting method across scenarios. Only in scenario 1 did levels of clearcut harvesting occasionally exceed those of selection harvesting, mainly in the removal of old, dilapidated stands early in the simulation (i.e., during periods 1 through 3). Scenario 2 provided the greatest total C-storage increase over 80 years (i.e., 14 × 10⁶ Mg C, or roughly 264 Mg ha⁻¹) at a cost of $111 per Mg C due to lost revenues. Scenarios 3 and 1 produced reduced storage rates of roughly 9 × 10⁶ Mg C and 3 × 10⁶ Mg C, respectively; about 64% and 22% of the total, 80-year C storage calculated in scenario 2. The bulk of the C in scenario 2 was stored in the forest, amounting to about 76% of the total C sequestered.     

N级台阶轴锻件形状优化算法

建立了台阶轴“0—1”编码法,解决了N级台阶轴数学描述和其总数计算问题。应用基于基来台阶单元的优化模型和算法,有效地解决了N级台阶轴锻件形状优化问题。     

沈阳市地下水监测点优选方法研究

本文针对沈阳市地下水监测点优选方法进行研究.采用聚类分析划分污染类型,应用模糊数学划分污染程度,运用环境地质学原理和地质制图技术及数学方法绘制出相应图件,两图叠加形成块段,从中优选出监测点.     

三峡库区紫色土生态优化评价体系的探讨

本文计对三峡库区紫色丘陵地区的土壤生态环境状况，提出了优化评价的总目标、评价指标体系和评价程序，探讨了单项指数评价方法的数学模型与基准参数，在此基础上，应用了层次分析与模糊数学的原理和方法，对紫色土生态优化进行综合评价，旨在为库区及库周生态与环境建设及经济综合开发提供依据。     

我国大气环境监测质量控制及优化策略研究

随着各地雾霾等大气污染问题反复出现,各种复杂的大气环境质量问题开始在全球集中呈现。大气污染物在环流扰动之下已经开始了长距离传输,不再是过去单纯的点源污染,而是表现出了蔓延速度更加迅速、污染更加复杂的情况,加强大气环境监测工作刻不容缓。因此本文以大气环境质量现状为出发点,对目前我国大气环境质量监测中存在的问题进行了分析,并就此提出了完善我国大气环境质量监测工作的对策,希望能推动我国大气环境质量的进一步改善。     

Optimal water quality monitoring network design for river systems

Typical tasks of a river monitoring network design include the selection of the water quality parameters, selection of sampling and measurement methods for these parameters, identification of the locations of sampling stations and determination of the sampling frequencies. These primary design considerations may require a variety of objectives, constraints and solutions. In this study we focus on the optimal river water quality monitoring network design aspect of the overall monitoring program and propose a novel methodology for the analysis of this problem. In the proposed analysis, the locations of sampling sites are determined such that the contaminant detection time is minimized for the river network while achieving maximum reliability for the monitoring system performance. Altamaha river system in the State of Georgia, USA is chosen as an example to demonstrate the proposed methodology. The results show that the proposed model can be effectively used for the optimal design of monitoring networks in river systems.     

Optimization of co-digestion of various industrial sludges for biogas production and sludge treatment: Methane production potential experiments and modeling

Optimal biogas production and sludge treatment were studied by co-digestion experiments and modeling using five different wastewater sludges generated from paper, chemical, petrochemical, automobile, and food processing industries situated in Ulsan Industrial Complex, Ulsan, South Korea. The biomethane production potential test was conducted in simplex-centroid mixture design, fitted to regression equation, and some optimal co-digestion scenarios were given by combined desirability function based multi-objective optimization technique for both methane yield and the quantity of sludge digested. The co-digestion model incorporating main and interaction effects among sludges were utilized to predict the maximum possible methane yield. The optimization routine for methane production with different industrial sludges in batches were repeated with the left-over sludge of earlier cycle, till all sludges have been completely treated. Among the possible scenarios, a maximum methane yield of 1161.53 m³ is anticipated in three batches followed by 1130.33 m³ and 1045.65 m³ in five and two batches, respectively. This study shows a scientific approach to find a practical solution to utilize diverse industrial sludges in both treatment and biogas production perspectives.